diss finals

• Structuralism


  A method for analyzing language, narratives, and cultural phenomena that uncovers basic elements that form structures, which are often binary oppositions
• Structural Functionalism


  An approach that sees society or culture as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability
• Manifest Functions


  Those that are evident and intentional
• Latent Functions


  Those that are not recognized and unintended
• Dysfunctions


  Those that are undesirable and have a negative effect on society
• Marxism


  An approach that acknowledges the economic relations between classes which determines the structure of social and political relations
• Capitalism


  An economic and political system in which a nation's industry and trade are controlled not by the state but by private owners for profit
• Social Inequality


  Occurs when resources in a certain society are allocated unevenly along lines of socially defined classifications of individuals
• Sexism


  Gender based and sex-based bias and discrimination, a major contributing factor to social inequality
• Racism


  A phenomenon whereby access to resources and rights is discriminatory distributed across racial lines
• Symbolic Interactionism


  An approach that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
• Psychoanalysis


  A theory of personality, an approach to psychotherapy, and method of investigation founded by Sigmund Freud
• Psychodynamics


  The study of the interrelationship of various parts of the mind, personality, or psyche as they relate to mental, emotional, or motivational forces especially at the unconscious level
• Aspects of Human Personality

  • Id
  • Ego
  • Superego
• Id


  The only component of personality that is present from birth
• Ego


  The constituent of personality that is responsible for dealing with reality
• Superego


  The last component of personality to develop, encompassing our sense of right and wrong, the values, and the moral standards and ideals of the society
• Rational Choice


  A product of scarcity and demands people to make the right and rational choice to maximize the use of its resources
• George Homas


  A sociologist who pioneered the rational choice theory
• Rational Choice Theory


  A sociological theory which pronounces that there is rational, definable, and calculable basis to human decision-making
• Scarcity


  The chief economic problem of having apparently unlimited human wants in a world of insufficient resources
• Scarcity is a vital concept in economics
• Institutionalism


  Refers to the movement and approach that views institutions as humanly devised constraints that arrange or organize political, economic, and social interactions
• Institution


  Normally applies to a custom or behavior pattern significant to a society, and to specific formal organizations of the government and public services
• Neo-Institutionalism


  A theory that centers on developing a sociological view of institutions, the way they interact and the way they influence society
• Social Rule System Theory


  Emphasizes that specific institutions and their organization are deeply embedded in cultural, social, and political environments
• Types of Institutions

  • Formal Institutions
  • Informal Institutions
• Formal Institutions


  Those formally established in one way or another, often by governments through official procedures, including business and non-profit corporations, labor unions, and even religious organizations
• Laws


  An outstanding example of formal institutions
• Informal Institutions


  Not formally established, but practices generally accepted throughout society
• Institutionalized Practices in the Philippines

  • Harana
  • Panunuyo
  • Pagmamano
  • Uttering Po and Opo when talking to older
• Feminist Theory


  The extension of feminism into theoretical or philosophical discourse
• Feminism


  The collective term for system of belief and theories that give special emphasis to women's rights and women's position in culture and society
• Gender Ideology


  Refers to meanings involved in the assignment of roles for women and men within household and outside of it, and attitudes regarding the appropriate roles, rights, and responsibilities of men and women in society
• Gender Equality


  Realized when women and men enjoys the same rights and opportunities across all sectors of society and when behaviors, desires, and needs of both women and men are equally favored and valued
• Hermeneutic Phenomenology


  Concerned with understanding texts, intending to generate rich and deep account of a phenomenon through intuition, while focusing on uncovering rather than accuracy, and magnification with evasion of prior knowledge
• Hermeneutics


  The philosophical study of interpreting texts
• Data


  Things known or assumed as facts, making the basis of reading and calculation
• Edmund Husserl


  German philosopher who established the school of phenomenology
• Human-Environment Systems


  An approach that categorically affirms the significant relation between humans and their natural environment and broad implications of this connection