chemistry science

• Chemical Reactions


  Types of
• Burning of wood
• Baking bread
• Production of petroleum
• Food spoilage
• Fizzing sound when opening a bottle or can of soda
• Burning a Magnesium Strip

  1. Evidences of reactions observed: Production of light and change in color from silver strip to white ash

  2. Product produced: Ash in white color
• Copper and Silver Nitrate

  1. Evidences of reactions observed: Formation of precipitate in the wire

  2. Product produced: Silvery precipitate found in the copper wire
• Combination (Synthesis) Reaction

  A reaction when two or more reactants combine to form a single product
• Combination Reaction


  • Magnesium (Mg) reacts with Oxygen (O2) to form Magnesium Oxide (MgO)
  • Hydrogen (H2) reacts with Chlorine (Cl2) to form Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• Decomposition Reaction


  A single reactant breaks down into simpler ones (2 or more products)
• Decomposition Reaction


  • Hydrogen Peroxide (2 H2O2) decomposes into water (H2O) and Oxygen (O2)
  • Water (H2O) decomposes into Hydrogen (H2) and Oxygen (O2)
• Single Displacement (Replacement) Reaction


  One element replaces another element from a compound
• Single Displacement Reaction


  • Copper (Cu) reacts with Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) to form Silver (Ag) precipitate and Copper Nitrate (Cu(NO3)2)
  • Potassium (K) reacts with Water (H2O) to form Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and Hydrogen (H2)
• Double Displacement Reaction (Metathesis)


  The positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) of different compounds switch places, forming two entirely different compounds
• Double Displacement Reaction


  • Sodium Chloride (NaCl) reacts with Silver Fluoride (AgF) to form Sodium Fluoride (NaF) and Silver Chloride (AgCl)
  • Iron Sulfide (FeS) reacts with Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) to form Iron Chloride (FeCl2) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
• Combustion (Burning) Reaction


  Oxygen combines with a hydrocarbon (compound containing hydrogen and carbon) to form water and carbon dioxide
• Combustion Reaction


  • Burning of Butane (C4H10) to produce CO2 and H2O
  • Burning of Methane (CH4) to produce CO2 and H2O
• Acid-Base Reaction


  A special kind of double displacement reaction that takes place when an acid and base react with each other. The H+ of the acid reacts with the OH- of the base forming water. The other product is salt.
• Acid-Base Reaction


  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) to produce Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O)
  • Hydrobromic acid (HBr) reacts with Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) to produce Potassium Bromide (KBr) and water (H2O)
• Fizz or bubbles of gas that make a hissing sound when opening a can of soda
• The fizz is carbon dioxide gas (CO2)
• The carbon dioxide gas comes from carbonic acid (H2CO3) dissolving in water
• In a sealed container, the carbonic acid breaks into hydrogen and bicarbonate
• When the container is opened, the hydrogen and bicarbonate recombine to form carbonic acid, which then decomposes into water and carbon dioxide
• Decomposition of carbonic acid

  H2CO3 (l) → H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
• Organizing information takes time and effort, but is a trait scientists should possess to prevent errors and provide accurate results
• Tips for good organization skills


  • Write things down
  • Make schedules and deadlines
  • Don't procrastinate
  • Declutter regularly
  • Work hard