Biomolecules

• Biomolecules - any molecules that are produced by a living organism
• 4 Elements of Biomolecules

  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic Acid
• Carbohydrates is the most common biomolecule.
• Formula of Carbohydrate is (CH2O)n
• Classifications of Carbohydrates

  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• Examples of Monosaccharides

  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
• Glucose is blood sugar
• Fructose is fruit sugar
• Galactose is found in milk with glucose
• Examples of Disaccharides

  • Maltose
  • Lactose
  • Sucrose
• Maltose is malt sugar
• Lactose is milk sugar
• Sucrose is table sugar
• Sucrose is a combination of glucose and fructose
• Monosaccharides are also known as simple sugar.
• Disaccharides are also known as double sugars.
• Polysaccharides are also known as complex sugar.
• Examples of Polysaccharides

  • Starch
  • Cellulose
  • Chitin
  • Glycogen
• Starch is used for energy storage in plants and provide a quick form of energy for the body.
• Glycogen is used for the energy storage in animals.
• When the body doesn't need glucose for energy, it stores it in the liver and muscles in the form of glycogen.
• Cellulose is found in plants
• Cellulose gives us fiber
• Chitin forms the exoskeleton of certain insects and crustaceans
• Tests for Carbohydrates

  • Iodine Test for Starch
  • Benedict's Test
• Iodine test is used to determine the presence of starch in materials.
• A positive result in iodine test has a color change ranging from violet to black.
• A negative result in iodine test has the yellow color of the iodine solution which indicates no change.
• Benedict's test is used for simple carbohydrates.
• Green means there would be 0.1 to 0.5 percent sugar in solution.
• Yellow would be 0.5 to 1 percent sugar present.
• Orange means that 1 to 1.5 percent sugar is present.
• Red would mean 1.5 to 2.0 percent sugar is present.
• Brick red would mean that more than 2 percent sugar is present in the solution.
• Proteins are the body-building molecules which helps us grow.
• Protein transports molecules in and out of the cell.
• Protein controls the speed of chemical reactions.
• Protein is used for growth and repair.
• Amino acids are the building blocks of protein.
• Examples of Protein

  • Albumin
  • Hemoglobin
  • Enzymes