Chapter 6B

• Algae


  General characteristics are

  • eukaryotic

  
  

  • unicellular, multicellular, filamentous,

  and some colonial

  
  

  
  

  •and mostly non-pathogenic

  
  

  •capable of oxygenic photosynthesis

  
  

  • possess photosynthetic pigments
• Planktonic


  Algae that floats in water via flagella are called
• benthic


  Algae that are attached to substratum and living bottom are called ________. They are also plant-like in appearance and they are dominant primary producers in many shallow lakes and

  streams.
• light and moisture


  two characteristics that algae loves
• Littoral zone


  Where algae normally are: near shore area;

  light penetrates

  all the way to the

  sediment
• thin and rigid


  Descriptions of algae's cell wall which contains the following:

  cellulose, mannan. alginic acid, chitin, xylan, galactans, CaCO3, silica, flucoidin
• pyrenoids


  Site of CO2

  fixation, starch

  formation
• Plastids


  Part of the algae that carries photosynthetic pigments, pyrenoids, and eyespot or stigma
• Chlamydomonas


  a genus of unicellular photosynthetic flagellates, is an important model for

  studies of such fundamental processes as photosynthesis, motility, responses to stimuli such as

  light, and cell-cell recognition.
• Chlorophyll, carotenoids, phycobilins


  Pigments found in algae
• Chlorophyll


  green photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria
• Carotene


  orange photosynthetic pigment important for photosynthesis. It contributes to photosynthesis by transmitting the light energy it absorbs to chlorophyll
• phycobilins


  Are especially efficient at absorbing red, orange, yellow and green light,

  wavelengths which are not well absorbed by chlorophyll a.
• Phycoerythrobilin


  red
• Phycourobilin


  orange
• Phycoviolobilin


  violet
• Phycocyanobilin or phycobiliverdin


  blue
• yellow/red phycobilins


  Organisms growing in shallow waters

  tend to contain ________
• green phycobilin


  Organisms growing at greater depth often contain more of __________
• Flagella


  locomotive organelle used by algae which moves the cell through an aqueous environment the

  flagellar apparatus reacts to the mechanical, chemical, gravitational and light stimulation of the cell.

  
  

  It also plays an important role during sexual fusion of isogamous, anisogamous and

  oogamous species of green algae.
• Binary fission and fragmentation


  Asexual reproduction types of algae
• Conjugation


  Sexual reproduction processes of algae
• Antheridia


  Male structure of algae that produces sperm
• Oogonia


  Female structure of algae that forms the eggs
• isogamy, heterogamy, oogamy


  Sexual reproduction processes of algae
• isogamy


  happen if the sexual cells, or gametes, are of the same form and size and are usually indistinguishable from each other
• heterogamy


  state or condition in which

  conjugating gametes are dissimilar in structure and size as well as in function
• oogamy


  when

  the gametes also have different mobility (non-motile female and motile male)
• Phytoplankton


  are primary producer for organism in aquatic ecosystem
• 70%


  Algae (phytoplankton) is responsible for

  the production of approximately _______ of the oxygen and organic matter in aquatic

  environments.
• Chlorella


  Important source of food and food supplement that improve the

  nutritional quality of a daily diet; single-cell protein
• Caulerpa lentillifera


  Species of green algae from coastal regions in the Indo-

  Pacific. This seaweed is one of the favored species of edible Caulerpa due to its soft and

  succulent texture.
• lato or arosep


  Local name of caulerpa
• Palmaria palmata


  Grows on north-facing cliffs and shady crevices.

  The blood red plants is rich

  in potassium, iron, iodine and trace elements and all kinds of Vitamins.
• Dulse


  other name for Palmaria palmata
• Poryphyra


  Specie of red alga that is cultivated in japan, china, and korea as seaweed known as nori or zicai
• Gracilaria and Gelidium


  Are genera of red algae (Rhodophyta) notable for its economic

  importance as an agarophyte
• True


  True or false: Algae are source of agar, agarose, and carrageenan which are solidifying agents used in

  laboratories and in food production
• Archaeplastida


  Kingdom of algae
• polysiphonia, cyanidium and galdiera


  Genera of rodophytes