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skeletal system and muscular system
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Cards (29)
Functions of the bones
Shape
and
support
Muscle
attachment
Production of
red blood cells
Protection
Cranium
Flat
bone -
protection
- head
Humerus
Long bone
- upper arm
Radius
Long
bone -
lower
arm (thumb)
Ulna
Long bone
-
lower arm
(pinky)
Clavicle
Long bone
- shoulder
Scapula
Flat
bone -
protection
Ribs
Flat
bones -
protection
Pelvic
Flat
bones -
Hip
Patella
Flat bones
- knee
Femur
Long bone
- upper leg
Tibia
Long bone -
lower
leg (main one)
Fibula
Long
bone -
lower
leg
Carpals
Flat bone -
wrist
Metacarpals
Long
bones -
lower
finger
Phalanges
Long bones -
fingers
Joint types
Fixed or immovable joints
Slightly movable joints
Freely movable (synovial joints)
Synovial fluid
Provides
lubricant
Synovial
membrane
Secretes
synovial
fluid
Cartilage
Prevents
friction
of bones
Ligament
Connects bone
to
bone
Tendon
Connects
bone
to
muscle
Movements at joint
Extension
- straightening a part of the body
Flexion
- bending a part o the body
Abduction
- a sideways movement away from the body
Adduction
- a sideways moments towards the body
Rotation
- a turning point around an imaginary point or axis
Plantar flexion
- pointing the toes at the ankle
Dorsiflexion
- pointing the toes up towards the shin
Muscles
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid
Bicep
Tricep
Quadricep
Hamstring
Hamstring
Tibialis anterior
Pectorals
Abdominals
Gluetals
Antagonistic
muscle action
Antagonistic muscles work in
opposition
Agonist
(
prime mover
)
The muscle that
contracts
to create
movement
Antagonist
The muscle that relaxes during movement
Muscular contraction
Isometric
contraction - the muscle contracts, but stay the same length
Isotonic
contraction - muscle changes length as they contract
Concentric
contraction - muscle contracts and shortens
Eccentric
contraction - muscle contracts and lengthens
Muscle fibre types
Slow
twitch muscle:
Used for
endurance
muscles
Contacts
slowly
High
fatigue tolerance
Produces a small amount of
power
and
force
Fast
twitch muscle:
Contracts
quickly
produces
large
amount of
power
Low
fatigue tolerance
Used for
sprints