skeletal system and muscular system

Cards (29)

  • Functions of the bones
    • Shape and support
    • Muscle attachment
    • Production of red blood cells
    • Protection
  • Cranium
    Flat bone - protection - head
  • Humerus
    Long bone - upper arm
  • Radius
    Long bone - lower arm (thumb)
  • Ulna
    Long bone - lower arm (pinky)
  • Clavicle
    Long bone - shoulder
  • Scapula
    Flat bone - protection
  • Ribs
    Flat bones - protection
  • Pelvic
    Flat bones - Hip
  • Patella
    Flat bones - knee
  • Femur
    Long bone - upper leg
  • Tibia
    Long bone - lower leg (main one)
  • Fibula
    Long bone - lower leg
  • Carpals
    Flat bone - wrist
  • Metacarpals
    Long bones - lower finger
  • Phalanges
    Long bones - fingers
  • Joint types
    • Fixed or immovable joints
    • Slightly movable joints
    • Freely movable (synovial joints)
  • Synovial fluid
    Provides lubricant
  • Synovial membrane

    Secretes synovial fluid
  • Cartilage
    Prevents friction of bones
  • Ligament
    Connects bone to bone
  • Tendon
    Connects bone to muscle
  • Movements at joint
    • Extension - straightening a part of the body
    • Flexion - bending a part o the body
    • Abduction - a sideways movement away from the body
    • Adduction - a sideways moments towards the body
    • Rotation - a turning point around an imaginary point or axis
    • Plantar flexion - pointing the toes at the ankle
    • Dorsiflexion - pointing the toes up towards the shin
  • Muscles
    • Trapezius
    • Latissimus dorsi
    • Deltoid
    • Bicep
    • Tricep
    • Quadricep
    • Hamstring
    • Hamstring
    • Tibialis anterior
    • Pectorals
    • Abdominals
    • Gluetals
  • Antagonistic muscle action

    Antagonistic muscles work in opposition
  • Agonist (prime mover)

    The muscle that contracts to create movement
  • Antagonist
    The muscle that relaxes during movement
  • Muscular contraction
    • Isometric contraction - the muscle contracts, but stay the same length
    • Isotonic contraction - muscle changes length as they contract
    • Concentric contraction - muscle contracts and shortens
    • Eccentric contraction - muscle contracts and lengthens
  • Muscle fibre types
    • Slow twitch muscle:
    • Used for endurance muscles
    • Contacts slowly
    • High fatigue tolerance
    • Produces a small amount of power and force
    • Fast twitch muscle:
    • Contracts quickly
    • produces large amount of power
    • Low fatigue tolerance
    • Used for sprints