KQ 7- The five giants (SWIID)

• Squalor 


  Poor housing a major factory behind poverty
• Squalor 


  war damaged and destroyed houses
• Squalor 


  little was repaired
• Squalor 


  ‘homes for all’ policy: prefab houses- 1948 130,000 assembled and distributed to the needy, meant to be temporary but were well built and lasted for decades
• Squalor 


  new towns act- 14 new towns built eg. Cwmbran
• Squalor 


  town and country act 1947- target of building 300,000 new homes a year and 1.25 million council houses built between 1945 and 1951
• Squalor

  defined rural green belt land
• Squalor 


  1949- housing acts gave financial help
• Squalor 


  Damage from war was so severe that housing shortage lasted up until the 1960s
• Want

  Social security system introduced the family allowance act 1945 - 5 shillings a week for each child after the first one
• Want

  national I sure since act 1945- unemployment pay for 6 months and sick pay
• Want

  national insurance industrial act 1945- benefits for injured at work
• Want

  national assistance act 1948- benefits for anybody in need
• Want

  ‘Last defence against poverty’
• Idleness

  Nationalised road haulage, railways and coal in 1945 and steel in 1951
• Idleness

  20% of industries nationalised and 80% privately owned - wanted to improve this
• Idleness

  Labours commitment economic change was important
• Idleness

  nationalisation was that transferring of industries from private owned to government ownership
• Idleness

  rights would be protected
• Idleness

  places that were nationalised: 1946- Bank of England , 1947- coal mines and 1948- transport
• Idleness

  £32 million spent on south wales region
• Idleness

  Established skilled working force
• Idleness

  funding for school leaders and demobilised service to train
• Idleness

  aimed at high unemployment areas (south wales)
• Ignorance

  conservative R.A Butler hoped to destroy ignorance and grant free education however he was never given the chance as it was expensive
• Ignorance

  1947- Labour passed the act into law
• Ignorance

  made secondary compulsory until the age of 15
• Ignorance

  provided meals, milk and medical services
• Ignorance

  introduced the 11 plus exam which assessed which school you go to based on your skills
• Ignorance

  if passed 11 plus- continue after 15, go to grammar schools, expected to go to university and get skilled jobs
• Ignorance

  if failed the 11 plus- expected to not continue after 15 and get unskilled jobs
• Ignorance

  Needed to provide 60,000 new teachers, over half a million new schools and replace 5,000 schools after the damage from the war
• Ignorance 


  Act was important as it offered new education policies which were innovative
• Disease


  NHS was introduced by the labour government and Aneurin Bevan and became Law on the 5th of July
• Disease


  the NHS was popular as it allowed essential medical treatment for free
• Disease


  1949- 8.5 million received dental treatment, 5.75 million glasses given, and 187 million prescriptions prescribed
• Disease 


  Service was expensive costing £355 million a year
• Disease 


  some doctors resented it as they had to care for the working classes
• Disease 


  Aneurin Bevan resigned due to government introduction of prescription charges for medicines