GENETICS

• Genetics - the study of heredity and variation in organisms.
• Genes - the basic unit of heredity, consisting of a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein
• Genome - sum total of all an organism’s dna
• Chromosomes - long strands of DNA that carry genes and are found in the nucleus of a cell
• 46 chromosomes in a human cell, 23 pairs of chromosomes
• Sex Chromosomes - X or Y chromosomes
• Autosomal Chromosomes - non-sex chromosomes (1 to 22)
• Homozygous - two identical alleles at one locus on homologous chromosomes
• Autosomal Chromosomes - non-sex chromosomes
• Heterozygous - two different alleles at one locus on homologous chromosomes
• Heterozygous - different alleles at one locus on homologous chromosomes
• Dominant Allele - expressed when present as either heterozygote or homozygote
• Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, including both dominant and recessive alleles.
• Dominant Allele - masks the expression of recessive alleles
• Phenotype is the observable characteristics of an organism that result from the interaction between its genotype and environment.
• Phenotype - physical characteristics expressed by an organism as a result of its genotype
• Genotype - combination of alleles an individual has inherited from their parents
• Recessive Allele - only expressed if no dominant allele is present
• Codominance - expression of both dominant and recessive alleles simultaneously
• Recessive Allele - not expressed unless both copies are recessive
• Recessive Allele - only expressed if both copies are recessive
• Alleles are alternative forms of genes found at a specific location on a chromosome.
• Phenotype is the observable characteristics that result from the interaction between genotype and environment.
• Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics of an organism that result from its genotype.
• Incomplete Dominance - neither parent's phenotype is fully expressed in offspring
• Phenotype - observable characteristics of an organism
• Dominant Allele - expressed when present with another allele
• Recessive Allele - only expressed if it is not masked by a dominant allele
• Recessive Allele - only expressed if it is inherited from both parents (homozygous)
• Genotype - genetic makeup of an individual
• Heterozygous (Aa) - one copy of dominant allele and one copy of recessive allele
• Incomplete Dominance - neither parental phenotypes are fully expressed, resulting in a new intermediate phenotype
• Homozygous Dominant - has two identical dominant alleles
• Homozygous - having two identical copies of a gene
• Homozygous Dominant (AA) - two copies of the same dominant allele
• Incomplete Dominance - neither parental phenotypes fully expressed, intermediate phenotype produced
• Allosome - last pair
• Gene locus - the location of a gene on a chromosome.
• Alleles - different versions of a gene that code for the same trait.
• Gregor Mendel - father of genetics, used pea plants for experiment