Geography Paper 1

• When and where did Typhoon Haiyan occur?

  Philippines, 2013
• When and where did the tectonic hazard occur?

  • Mainly Kathmandu
  • Nepal
  • in 2015
• High pressure


  When cool air descends
• Low pressure


  When warm air ascends
• El Nino?


  • When trade winds reverse direction or weaken.
  • Occurs every 3-4 years, last 9-12 months
  • Causes droughts in the west, and floods in the east
• La Niña

  • When trade winds blow westerly more strongly
  • Causes flooding in the west, droughts in the east
• Effects of Typhoon Haiyan?

  • 6 thousand deaths
  • Airport badly damaged
  • People made homeless
• Responses to Typhoon Haiyan

  • Cash for work programme to rebuild Tacloban
  • Build Back Better scheme to upgrade buildings
  • No build zones set up
  • Mangroves planted to absorb impact of storm
• Responses to Nepal Earthquake?

  • India sent tonnes of emergency aid (blankets etc.)
  • Field hospitals were set up to support overcrowding of hospitals
  • Stricter building laws
  • 7000+ schools repaired
• Effects of Nepal Earthquake?

  • 9 thousand people dead
  • 19 thousand injured
  • Hospitals overcrowded
  • Triggered avalanches on Mt Everests causing further deaths
• Where are the upland areas in the UK?

  North and west of the UK
• Where are the lowland areas?

  South and east of the UK
• Types of erosion?

  • Abrasion
  • Attrition
  • Solution
  • Hydraulic Action
• Types of transportation?

  • Traction
  • Saltation
  • Solution
  • Suspension
• How are headlands and bays formed?

  • Formed when erosion resistance is different
  • Soft rock is eroded away forming a bay
  • Hard rock is the eroded slowly forming headlands
• How is a stack formed?

  • Waves attack base of cliff, forming a notch which deepens to form a Cave
  • Cave wears all the way through headland to form an Arch
  • Weathering continues on the roof of the arch until it collapses, leaving a Stack
• How is upper course feature formed?

  • waterfall is formed when river flows from a layer of hard rock to soft rock
  • The soft rock eroded faster undercutting the hard rock
  • The force of the water undercuts the hard rock and creates a plunge pool
  • Overhanging hard rock eventually collapses
  • Rocks in the plunge pool cause abrasion eroding the soft rock
  • Over time the waterfall retreats, forming a gorge
• How is a middle course feature formed?

  • Water flows faster on the outside of the bend, eroding more.
  • Water flows slower on the inside of the bend, deposing material.
  • Eventually, river breaks through the neck of the meander, to form an ox-bow lake.
• How is a lower course feature formed?

  • As the river gets near the mouth it widens. The valley becomes flatter and widens also
  • The river may flood, depositing silt and slit on the valley floor to form a floodplain
• River Severn named feature?

  Little Spount Waterfall
• Named coastal feature?

  Old Harry’s rocks
• When did the Uk Draught Happen?

  Between 2010-2012