AP Gov Cases and Amendments

• 1st amendment


  • Freedom of speech
  • Freedom of press
  • Freedom of religion
  • Freedom of assembly
  • Freedom to petition
• 2nd amendment


  Right to bear arms
• 3rd amendment

  No soldier can be quartered without the consent of the owner
• 4th amendment


  Searches and seizures without a warrant are illegal
• 5th amendment


  Right to a grand jury and bans double jeopardy
• 6th amendment


  Right to a speedy and public trial with an impartial jury
• 7th amendment


  Right to a jury in federal civil cases
• 8th amendment


  Cruel and unusual punishment is illegal
• 9th amendment


  The Bill of Rights only has SOME of the rights given to the people (meaning one has more rights than just the ones listed before this)
• 10th amendment


  The powers not given to the national government and powers not prohibited for the states are for the states and people
• 11th amendment


  Federal courts cannot take cases if it involves a state sued by a person in a different state or a different country
• 12th amendment


  Creates separate elections for the President and VP by electoral college
• 13th amendment


  Abolished slavery
• 14th amendment

  Granted African Americans to be citizens
• 15th amendment


  Gave African American men the right to vote
• 16th amendment


  Gave Congress the right to levy taxes
• 17th amendment


  Senators are now voted on by the American public
• 18th amendment


  Banned sale and consumption of alcohol
• 19th amendment


  Gave women the right to vote
• 20th amendment


  Changed inauguration date to January 20th
• 21st amendment


  Repealed 18th amendment
• 22nd amendment


  Made the official 2 term president rule
• 23rd amendment


  Allowed DC to vote
• 24th amendment


  Banned poll taxes
• 25th amendment


  Gave procedures in case the President or VP resigns, dies, gets removed, etc.
• 26th amendment


  Changed voting age to 18
• 27th amendment


  Prohibited Congress from changing a member's salary before the next election
• Tinker v. Des Moines


  1. Some students were suspended for wearing armbands in protest of the Vietnam War

  2. Their parents sued the school as they believed their kids had the Constitutional right under the First Amendment

  3. The court ruled that freedom of speech still holds in school

  4. The dissent argued that the speech was a distraction in school
• Related clause


  Free Speech Clause of the first amendment
• Symbolic speech


  Nonverbal speech, like flag burning or wearing armbands
• This case did not incorporate anything to the states
• Schenck v. US


  1. Charles Schenck printed and mailed fliers arguing that the WWI draft is unconstitutional and told people to resist

  2. The Court held that some speech does not merit constitutional protection

  3. They said that statements that create a "clear and present danger" can be limited
• Clear and present danger test


  The idea that if speech presents a clear danger it can be limited
• NYT CO. v. US

  1. The NYT published the famous Pentagon Papers and Nixon ordered them to stop because he claimed they violated the Espionage Act

  2. The government asked a federal court to stop the NYT from publishing future stories about the papers, citing the Espionage Act

  3. The NYT argued that the 1st Amendment protected their rights to publish

  4. The government did not have a compelling enough argument which is needed to limit press
• Related clause


  Freedom of the Press Clause of the First Amendment
• Prior restraint


  A form of censorship by the federal government that allows them to stop something from being published or said
• Wisconsin v. Yoder


  1. The Amish people did not see a reason for going to school past eighth grade, but in Wisconsin it was law that students had to go to school until they were 16

  2. Yoder stopped attending school after eighth grade since she was Amish

  3. She took her case to the Supreme Court as she felt that Wisconsin's law violated the free exercise clause

  4. The court ruled that Amish people are allowed to stop going to school after eighth grade
• Related clause


  Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment
• Engel v. Vitale


  1. New York school classrooms had students participate in school prayer

  2. A student, Engel, sued the school board for violation of the Establishment Clause

  3. The court ruled that since the prayer was not voluntary, it advanced religious beliefs and was a violation of the Establishment clause
• Related clause


  Establishment Clause of the First Amendment