SB5 health and disease

• Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function.
• The immune system is the body's defense against infection, illness, and foreign substances.
• Immune cells are specialized white blood cells that defend the body from pathogens and other threats.
• The immune system consists of cells that recognize foreign substances (antigens) and produce antibodies against them.
• Antibodies are proteins produced by plasma cells that bind to specific antigens on pathogens, marking them for destruction by other white blood cells.
• Immunity refers to the ability of an organism to resist infectious diseases.
• Passive immunity occurs when pre-formed antibodies are transferred from one individual to another.
• Antibodies are proteins produced by B lymphocytes (B cells) that bind to specific antigens on pathogens and mark them for destruction.
• T lymphocytes (T cells) play a role in cell-mediated immunity, which involves attacking infected cells directly rather than producing antibodies.
• Antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of bacteria, viruses, and other invaders, marking them for destruction by other immune cells.
• White blood cells called phagocytes engulf and destroy infected cells and foreign particles.
• Three branches of health are physical,mental and social
• examples of non-communicable diseases include cancer,heart diseas,diabetes,cirrhosis and scurvy
• Examples of communicable disease are chicken pox,flu,measles and the common cold
• Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to become misshapen and unable to carry oxygen
• Sickle cell anaemia is treated by medication to manage symptoms and bone marrow transplants
• Symptoms of sickle cell anaemia are: fatigue, headaches and pains
• Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition that causes the body to lose too much protein
• Symptoms of kwashiorkor include: stunted growth, poor muscle development, and dry skin
• kwashiork is treated by a diet high in protein and calories, and supplements
• Scurvy is a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet.
• Symptoms of scurvy include: bleeding gums, loose teeth, swollen gums, and painful joints
• Treatment for scurvy is vitamin C supplements, which can be given orally or by injection
• Rickets is a disease of bone growth in children caused by a lack of vitamin D
• Symptoms of rickets include bowed legs, weak muscles, and bone deformities.
• Treatment for rickets is vitamin D supplements and calcium supplements
• Anaemia is a condition where there is a low level of haemoglobin in the blood.(low iron)
• Symptoms of anaemia include tiredness, dizziness, headaches, and pale skin.
• Treatment for anaemia is iron supplements, blood transfusions and blood doping
• Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease that causes scarring of the liver.substance abuse
• Symptoms of cirrhosis include: fatigue, weight loss, abdominal pain, jaundice, and ascites
• Treatment for cirrhosis is supportive care, dietary restriction, and avoidance of alcohol
• Cardiovascular disease risk factors include: smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes
• Symptoms of cardiovascular disease includes chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue.
• Treatment for cardiovascular disease: Medication, lifestyle changes, surgery
• Tar in cigarettes stick to the lining of the lungs,narrows them and makes them worse at Exchangin Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
• Cells with damaged DNA can divide uncontrollably to produce cancer cells
• Nicotine makes tobacco addictive
• Carbon monoxide sticks to the haemoglobin and prevents oxygen from binding to it
• Heart attacks are caused when the blood supply to the heart is cut off.