UCSP

• State institution


  An organized political community acting under a government
• Examples of state institutions

  • Executive Branch
  • Legislative Branch
  • Judiciary
  • Armed Forces and the Police
  • Constitutional Commissions
  • State Universities and Colleges (SUC's)
  • Local Government Units (LGU's)
• Non-state institution


  Organized political actors not directly connected to any established institutions or the state but pursuing aims that affect vital state interests
• Examples of non-state institutions

  • Market and economic organizations (corporations, banks, cooperatives, trade unions)
  • Civil society organizations (academic and science-based, mass media, religious, NGOs, people's organizations)
• Transnational/international institutions


  Organizations that are internationally based and operate globally or regionally, performing development-related work including advocacy
• Examples of transnational/international institutions

  • Multilateral financial organizations (World Bank, IMF, ADB)
  • Bilateral organizations (foreign countries providing economic assistance)
• Education is one of the most important drivers for ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity, as well as for improving health, gender equality, peace, and stability
• Education


  The various ways through which knowledge is passed on to the other members of the society, in the form of factual data, skills, norms, and values
• Schooling


  The formal education one receives under a specially trained teacher
• Modern education in the Philippines is focused on developing skills that students will need when they enter the job market, with practical arts and arts having less room in the curriculum, but computer science and coding have gained center stage
• Forms of education


  • Formal education (schooling)
  • Alternative forms (indigenous, informal, self-directed, online)
• Theoretical perspectives on education

  • Functionalism
  • Conflict theory
  • Symbolic interactionism
• Functionalism


  Education serves several functions for society including socialization, social integration, social placement, and social and cultural innovation
• Conflict theory


  Education promotes social inequality through tracking, standardized testing, and the impact of the "hidden curriculum"
• Symbolic interactionism


  Focuses on social interaction in the classroom, on the playground, and in other school venues, affecting the development of gender roles and teachers' expectations of pupils' intellectual abilities
• Socialization


  Education is used to promote the norms and values of a society from one generation to the next
• Social integration


  Education promotes desired values and norms, acting as a unifying force in society
• Social interaction


  Affects the development of gender roles and teachers' expectations of pupils' intellectual abilities affect how much pupils learn
• Certain educational problems have their basis in social interaction and expectations
• Social Integration


  Education promotes desired values and ensures conformity, and provides widely known approaches for conversion in cases of deviance
• Social Placement


  Formal education helps students discover approved statuses and roles that will help the society's longevity
• Cultural Innovation


  Educational institutions stimulate intellectual inquiry and promote critical thinking, enabling new ideas and knowledge to become accepted in the mainstream
• Latent Functions of Formal Education


  Schools becoming an institution of childcare, and establishing lasting social relationships for students
• Education is a human right reaffirmed by many international conventions
• Right to education


  Enables individuals to exercise all their rights, provides quality education that meets students' needs, and ensures equal educational opportunities for all children
• Education plays a key role in the betterment of society and is the ultimate pathway to success
• Education is a process of continuous learning which should be continued till life ends
• Education should be imparted to all without any discrimination and is an essential commodity like food, clothing, and shelter
• Role of education in daily life and society


  Determines adult life outcomes, brings awareness and keeps people away from superstitious beliefs, teaches physical and mental strength, and is vital for national development and individual success
• Education has expanded significantly in the past half-century but hopes that this would automatically bring about a fairer society have been only partly realized
• Women have made dramatic advances, but overall social mobility has not risen and in some places inequalities of income and wealth have increased
• Concept of social stratification


  Systematic categorization of individuals and institutions in society based on their jobs, roles, functions and statuses
• Social classes


  • Lower class
  • Middle class
  • Upper class
• Status


  An individual's position in the social structure
• Ascribed status


  Assigned or given by society based on fixed categories without regard to abilities or performance
• Achieved status


  Earned by the individual through effort and struggle
• Prestige


  Based on a person's status
• Esteem


  Assessment of a person's role and behavior
• Prestige does not always come with high esteem, and a person can have high esteem without high prestige
• Causes of social stratification


  According to Karl Marx - ownership of means of production, according to Max Weber - wealth, power, and prestige