p6 finals pt.2

• Direct Current (DC) 


  a current that flows in only one direction with lower voltage, and is represented by a single arrow
• Alternating Current (AC)


  changing value zero to positive max to zero to negative max socket and has higher voltage
• Resistors in series circuit


  When two or more resistors are connected end-to-end by just ONE WIRE
• Resistors in series circuit


  equation

  
• resistors in parallel circuit


  A parallel circuit comprises branches so that the current divides at a JUNCTION and only part of it flows through any branch
• Resistors in parallel circuit


  equation

  
• 400 B.C - GREEK PHILOSOPHERS


  Humans see by emitting light from our eyes which are then brought back to us, and animals have glowing eyes that suggest eyes do emit light
• 1700s - ISAAC NEWTON


  Proposed that light is a steam of particles he called "corpuscles" which have different colors
• White light


  Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet
• 1801 - THOMAS YOUNG


  Showed an evidence that light is a wave using double-slit experiment
• Interference pattern

  shows that light is a wave in double-slit experiment
• 1865 - EM WAVES


  The existence of electromagnetic waves due to electricity and magnetism causing each other
• 1865 - JAMES CLERK MAXWELL


  Confirmed that electromagnetic waves exist and the speed of light is equal to the speed of electromagnetic waves
• Electromagnetic spectrum


  Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible Light, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma Ray
• 1900s - Max Planck


  Proposed the idea that light is made up of particles that carry its energy
• 1900s - Albert Einstein


  Explained the photoelectric effect (Planck's idea) treats light as particles, and Became the foundation of quantum mechanics
• Black is the absence of all colors
• White is the result of the three primary colors that have equal intensities
• TRUE or FALSE


  Light has both particle-like and wave-like properties
• Transverse Waves


  particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of the wave

  
• Longitudinal Wave


  particles of the medium move parallel to the propagation of the wave

  
• Which wave can propagate in a vacuum?

  Electromagnetic wave
• What type of wave is a light?

  Transverse Wave
• TRUE or FALSE

  Electromagnetic Wave travels through a vacuum, meanwhile Mechanical Wave travels in a medium = TRUE
• An electromagnetic wave is produced by an oscillating charged particle
• The speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is always constant


  c = 3.00 x 10^8 m/s
• c = λf

  c = speed of light (m/s)
• c = λf

  λ = wavelength (meter)
• c = λf

  f = frequency (hertz)
• Gamma Ray to Radio

  the wavelength increases
• Gamma Ray to Radio

  the frequency decreases
• Reflection


  a wave behavior where it bounces off a surface after hitting it
• Law of reflection


  states that 𝜃𝑖 (angle of incidence) = 𝜃𝑟 (angle of reflection) is applied
• Angle of incidence

  angle between incident ray and normal

  
• Angle of reflection


  the angle between the reflected ray and the normal
• Types of Reflection

  Specular Reflection (smoot surface)

  Diffuse Reflection (rough surface)
• Refraction


  a wave behavior where a wave bends as it travels from one medium to another
• The angle of refraction (𝜃2) depends on the material where light is transmitted through
• Index of Refraction


  a dimensionless number that describes how fast light travels through the material
• n = c/v

  n = index of refraction (no unit)

  c = speed of light in a vacuum (m/s)

  v = speed of light in a medium (m/s)