pcog

• Chemical identification tests for resins

  • HCl test (pink color)
  • FeCl3 test (greenish blue color)
• Artificial resins


  are polymeric products formed through certain condensation reactions
• They are complex mixtures of

  ➢ Resin acids (resinolic acid)

  ➢ Resin alcohols (resinol)

  ➢ Resin phenols (resinotannols)

  ➢ Resin esters (of resin alcohols with aromatic acids)

  ➢ Resenes (neutral compounds)

  ➢ Glycoresins: certain resin alcohol linked to sugars
• Acidic resins when treated with

  alkaline solutions they yield soaps

  (or resin-soaps)
• They are present in the ducts or cavities known

  as schizogenous ducts
• Resins


  Amorphous products with complex chemical nature, hard transparent or translucent, soften and melt when heated
• Resin Combinations


  • Oleoresins
  • Oleo-gum-resins
  • Balsams
  • Glucoresins or glycoresins
• Oleoresins


  • Resins + volatile oils
• Oleo-gum-resins


  • Resins + volatile oils + gum
• Balsams


  • Contain cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, or both
• Glucoresins or glycoresins


  • Glycosidal combinations (ex. jalap and podophyllum)
• Resin Acids


  • Abietic acid
  • Copaivic & oxycopaivic acid
  • Commiphoric acid
• Resin Acids


  • Contain large proportion of oxyacids, usually combining the properties of carboxylic acids and phenols
• Resinates


  Metallic salts of resin acids (some are used in soaps and varnishes)
• Resin Alcohols


  Do not give a tannin reaction with iron salts, occur in free state and as esters in combination with simple aromatic acids
• Resinotannols


  Give a tannin reaction with iron salts
• Resenes


  1. complex natural substances devoid of characteristic chemical properties
• Glycoresins


  Yield sugars and complex resin acids on hydrolysis
• Obtaining Pharmaceutic Resins


  1. Extracting with alcohol & precipitating the resins in water

  2. Separating the oil from oleoresin by distillation

  3. Collecting the natural product through natural or artificial punctures
• Rosin


  Other name for resin
• Colophony


  Other name for resin
• Pinus Palustris


  Origin of rosin/colophony
• Resins


  • Podophyllum
  • Eriodictyon
  • Jalap
  • Mastic
  • Kava
  • Indian hemp
• Podophyllum


  Mayapple, Mandrake, used as a stiffening agent, drastic purgative, antimitotic (papilomas)
• Eriodictyon


  Yerba santa, used to disguise quinine bitterness
• Jalap


  Jalap root, Exogonium purga, used as a hydragogue cathartic
• Mastic


  Mastiche, Mastich, Pistacia lentiscus, used in dental varnish to seal cavities
• Kava


  Κανα-κανα, Piper methysticum, used as a centrally acting muscle relaxant
• Indian hemp


  Cannabis sativa, used as an antipyretic, local anaesthetic, THC-euphoric agent, Cannabidiol-manuf of rope
• Oleoresins


  • Gum turpentine
  • Gum thus
  • Capsicum
  • Ginger
  • White Pine
  • Copaiba
• Gum turpentine


  Turpentine, Pinus palustris, used as a counterirritant
• Gum thus


  Capsicum, Cayenne pepper, Capsicum frutescens, used as an irritant, carminative, rubefacient, stimulant, condiment
• Ginger


  Zingiber officinale, used as a flavor, condiment, stimulant, carminative, ginger ale
• White Pine


  Pinus strobus, used as an expectorant
• Copaiba


  Balsam of Copaiba, Copaifera spp., used as a genitourinary disinfectant, diuretic, expectorant, laxative
• Oleo-gum-resins


  • Myrrh/Gum myrrh
  • Asafetida/Devil's Dung
• Myrrh/Gum myrrh


  Commiphora molmol, used as an astringent, embalming
• Balsams


  • Storax
  • Peru Balsam
  • Tolu Balsam
  • Benzoin
• Storax


  Liquidambar orientalis, occurs as plastic solid that gradually hardens, used as a pharmaceutic aid for compound benzoin tincture
• Peru Balsam


  Myroxylon pereirae, used as a stimulant, expectorant, antiseptic