the Excretory system and Osmoregulation

• The number of people who suffer diabetes is increasing rapidly, and the cost of treatment is becoming very high
• The large increase in the number of people with type 2 diabetes is linked to poor diet and a lack of exercise
• Excretory system


  System responsible for the removal of waste products from the body
• Osmoregulation


  Controlling the water balance in the body
• Kidney


  • Important in the excretion of waste products such as urea
  • Important in osmoregulation - controlling the water balance in the body
• Kidney filtration


  1. Blood passes into each kidney through the renal artery

  2. In the cortex, most of the liquid portion of the blood and dissolved substances are filtered out

  3. In the medulla, water and other substances are reabsorbed back into the blood until their normal concentrations are reached

  4. Excess water and dissolved substances pass into the urine which collects in the renal pelvis and passes down the ureter into the bladder

  5. Urine is stored in the bladder before being passed out of the body via the urethra
• Excretion


  The removal of waste products from the body, e.g. carbon dioxide during breathing and urea in the kidneys
• Homeostasis


  A constant, steady state in the body
• Osmoregulation


  Controlling the amount of water in the blood and other body fluids
• The body gains water mainly by drinking and from the food we eat. A small amount of water is gained through the process of respiration as water is made as a by-product
• Respiration


  Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
• The Excretory System

  
• The excretory system removes waste materials such as urea (from protein breakdown) and excess salts from the body.
• Urea is removed via urine