chem

• Chemical kinetics

  The study of chemical processes and rates of reactions
• Chemical kinetics


  • Analysis of conditions that affect speed of a chemical reaction
  • Understanding reaction mechanisms and transition states
  • Forming mathematical models to predict and describe a chemical reaction
• Peter Waage and Cato Guldberg formulated the law of mass action


  1864
• Jacobus van't Hoff published "Etudes de dynamique chimique"


  1884
• Jacobus van't Hoff awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry


  1901
• Factors that affect chemical reaction rate

  • Concentration of reactants
  • Temperature
  • Presence of catalysts
  • Physical state of reactants
  • Pressure
• Collision theory


  • Molecules must collide in order to react
  • Molecules must have sufficient energy to disrupt bonds
  • Rise in temperature causes faster molecular motion and more vigorous collisions
  • Reactions with neutral molecules require activation energy
• Activation energy


  The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction
• As temperature rises


  Molecules move faster and collide more vigorously, increasing likelihood of bond cleavages
• Reaction speed


  • Rusting of iron (slow)
  • Digestion of food (medium)
  • Esterification of acetic acid (medium)
  • Formation of silver chloride (fast)