Final - Abnormal Psychology

• Which type of disorder involves a conflict between one's anatomical sex and one's psychological feeling of being male or female?

  Gender dysphoria
• Graham has been sexually active since he turned 16. After turning 20, he begins to experience a problem with lack of arousal. Which category best fits Graham's disorder?

  sexual dysfunction
• Scott has sexual fantasies and engages in sexual behavior that is focused on objects and situations that are not part of the usual pattern of affectionate sexual activity. His behavior often puts him at risk for being arrested. If Scott has a sexual problem, it is likely to be in the general category of 

  paraphilic disorder
• Hypersexuality, or sexual addiction, ___

  compulsive sexual behavior
• Nancy has a sexual problem that is diagnosed as occurring during the appetitive phase of sexual response. We can guess that Nancy's problem involves

  interest and desire in sexual activity
• Sexual Response cycle: Phase 1 - Appetitive phase


  Characterized by a person's interest in sexual activity. The person begins to have thoughts or fantasies about sex, feels attracted to another person, or daydreams about sex
• Sexual Response Cycle: Phase 2 - Arousal Phase


  Involves heightened and intensified arousal resulting from specific direct sexual stimulation. In a male, blood flow increases in the penis, resulting in an erection. In a female, the breasts swell, nipples become erect, blood engorges the genital region, and the clitoris expands
• Sexual Response Cycle: Phase 3 - Orgasm Phase


  Is characterized by involuntarily muscular contractions throughout the body and the eventual release of sexual tension. In males, muscles at the base of the penis contract, propelling semen through the penis. In females, the outer third of the vagina contracts rhythmically
• Sexual Response Cycle: Phase 4 - Resolution Phase


  Is characterized by relaxation of the body after orgasm. Males enter a refractory period during with they are unresponsive to sexual stimulation. However, females are capable of multiple orgasms with continued stimulation
• Shalisa has little desire for sexual activity; Karina experiences no breast swelling despite direct sexual stimulation. Which person is paired with the correct stage of the sexual response cycle (during which the problem is experienced)?

  Shalisa - Appetitive phase | Karina - Arousal phase
• Lindau et al. (2007) suggest that among older adults ages 57-85

  Over half report having sex twice a month
• Elizabeth, married for six years, has no interest in either fantasizing or engaging in sexual activity. She does whatever she can to avoid situations where intercourse is a possibility. According to the DSM-5, Elizabeth has

  Sexual desire disorder
• Dr. Ward says, "Premature ejaculation is a relatively uncommon sexual dysfunction in which the inability to achieve an erection leads to ejaculating reflexively during instances of excessive sexual stimulation. It is a source of great distress for many males." What part of the statement is accurate?

  It is a source of great distress for many males. Premature ejaculation is the most frequent sexual dysfunction in men with a prevalence of up to 30%. This dysfunction is defined by ejaculation before or within 1 minute after vaginal penetration
• Unlike ____, which can occur in both men and women, ____ is a problem for women only

  Interest or desire disorder, vaginismus
• In the multipath model of sexual dysfunctions, what is a psychological factor that may cause sexual dysfunction?

  Situational or coital anxiety or guilt, performance anxiety, negative attitudes toward sex, fear of pregnancy, HIV infection or venereal disease
• A sex therapist counsels his clients to masturbate and use tactile exploration and sexual imagery both individually and with a partner. The clients who hear this advice are most likely to have which sexual dysfunction?

  Female orgasmic dysfunction
• Jennifer is a classic "tomboy" and insists she has a penis. She says she wants to be a man when she grows up. Most children with ideas like Jennifer’s 

  do NOT develop gender dysphoria as adults
• Which of the following is considered to be a biological influence of gender dysphoria?

  Abnormal levels of testosterone
• Which statement about treatment of gender dysphoria is accurate?

  Gender reassignment; hormone therapy/reconstructing surgery
• A man has persistent fantasies about having sex with non-consenting people. Although he has not acted on them, these fantasies have lasted for almost a year and cause the man severe distress. What diagnosis is appropriate and why?

  A paraphilic disorder, paraphilia
• Which individual exhibits a paraphilia?

  Jake, who can only become sexually aroused when he is tied up and spanked by his partner
• People cross-dress for a variety of reasons. Most people diagnosed with transvestic disorder


  are exclusively heterosexual
• For the past three years, Larry has repeatedly fondled his preteen stepdaughter and has sworn her to secrecy. Larry's behavior illustrates

  Pedophilic disorder
• A therapist working with child victims of sexual abuse is likely to see symptoms that most closely parallel ____ in some cases.

  posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Stefanie has intense sexually arousing fantasies of being utterly helpless while being tied up and humiliated and she regularly finds sex partners who fulfill these urges. A reasonable assumption is 

  sexual masochism disorder
• Dr. Estes treats patients who have sexually deviant behavior. He uses extinction and aversive conditioning to eliminate inappropriate behaviors and helps them acquire or strengthen appropriate behaviors. He also helps them develop social skills. Dr. Estes uses which approach for treating his patients?

  Behavioral
• Which statement about rape is accurate?

  Rape is sexually motivated
• As an adolescent, Marla was in a brief incestuous relationship with her brother. Her sister Rhonda was in a long-term incestuous relationship with their father. We can expect that

  Rhoda was more psychologically damaged than Marla
• Colin was convicted of rape. He is receiving the most common form of treatment that society provides rapists, which is behavioral techniques such as: 

  • assessing sexual interests through self-report and measuring erectile responses to different sexual stimuli
  • reducing deviant interests through aversion therapy (e.g., administering an electric shock when deviant stimuli are presented)
  • reconditioning orgasm or retraining masturbation to increase sexual arousal to appropriate stimuli, and
  • teaching social skills to increase interpersonal competence.
• Dr. Salizar says, "People with these disorders function well enough so that they may not need therapy, and they rarely seek help themselves. However, their patterns of behavior are longstanding and are so rigid that they greatly impair their social functioning or cause subjective distress." Dr. Salizar is most likely describing 

  Personality disorders
• According to available statistics, what is the prevalence of personality disorders based on those seeking treatment at hospitals and outpatient clinics?

  5-15%
• The two diagnostic paths in the DSM-5 for personality disorders are ____ and ____

  categorical diagnostic model, and alternative model
• One reason that a diagnosis of personality disorders is challenging to make is that

  The prevalence of personality disorders is estimated to be about 12%, which suggest that these disorders are relatively common in the general population
•  psychologist would likely state that "DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing ____ personality disorder include intense fluctuations in mood, self-image, and interpersonal relationships.”

  Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
• Paranoid Personality Disorder

  Pervasive pattern of mistrust and suspiciousness regarding others' motives
• Schizoid personality disorder


  Socially isolated, emotionally cold, indifferent to others
• Schizotypal personality disorder


  Peculiar thoughts and behaviors; poor interpersonal relationships
• Antisocial Personality Disorder


  Failure to conform to social or legal codes; lack of anxiety and guilt; irresponsible behaviors
• Borderline personality disorder


  Intense fluctuations in mood, self-image, and interpersonal relationships
• Histrionic Personality Disorder


  Self-dramatization; exaggerated emotional expression; and seductive, provocative, or attention-seeking behaviors