Biology Lab Test

• Laboratory Rules


  • Closed Shoes must be worn to all lab sessions
  • No food and water allowed inside the lab during lab sessions
  • Keep table tops and floors clear of any obstacle to avoid tripping and other unwanted accidents
  • Do not touch anything in the lab unless the lab instructor instruct you to do so
  • Do not use or operate any lab equipment if you are not sure or do not know how to use it. Seek help from Lab instructor
  • If you are unsure of instructions given in lab exercises, ask for clarification from Lab instructor do not proceed with lab exercise
  • Do not play around with lab equipment's/apparatus to avoid damaging them
  • Do not play or mess around with each other during lab sessions to avoid causing accidents
  • All wastes/rubbish must be disposed of appropriately after lab sessions
• Safety & Emergency


  • In the case of a spill notify the Lab instructor. The Lab Instructor will aid you on how to correctly clean up and disposed of the spill depending on what type of material is spilled
  • In the event of someone getting a cut, bruise or burn notify Lab instructor immediately so that first aid can be applied from the first aid kits available in the lab
  • If any chemical comes in contact with someone's face or especially eyes, notify lab instructor and help direct the person to the eye wash to wash their eyes
  • In extreme case where chemical spills over large part of someone's body, direct them to the emergency shower in the preparation room to wash out the chemical
  • In the event of a fire notify lab instructor or use the fire extinguisher and fire blanket to put out the fire
• Lab Sessions & Lab Reports


  • If you are 10+ minutes late for lab session's you will be marked as absent
  • Students must attend labs according to their allocated time. If you have a genuine reason and can't make it to attend lab session's, please notify lab instructor in advance
  • If you are absent for more than 50% of labs or have not submitted all lab reports, you will not be eligible to sit for the lab test at the end of the semester
  • Hard Copy of Lab report from previous lab should be submitted before attending the next lab session. If you have issues printing out lab notify lab instructor by emailing a soft copy of the lab report before attending the lab
  • Lab reports must be written in the format specifications provided in the Subject Unit Outline
• BIOLOGY LAB REPORT WRITING TUTORIAL


  • Cover page & Title
  • Introduction
  • Materials, Equipment & Procedures
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion and Recommendation
  • References
• Cover page & Title


  • Lab must have a cover page with the necessary information and date stamped on it from the school reception
  • Title must not be too long just brief. Descriptive but efficient and straightforward (title will most likely be provided by lab instructor or written on the in-lab handout)
• Introduction


  • Introduction should not be too brief but also should not be too long
  • Input information relevant only to the lab exercise
  • Any information stated in the Introduction should be referenced
  • Should contain your hypothesis (if there is a need for one in the lab exercise) and objectives of lab exercise
  • Introduction should be at least 1-2 paragraphs
• Normal Skin


  Normal skin type
• Materials, Equipment & Procedures


  1. Compound Microscope

  2. Slide

  3. Cover slip

  4. Toothpick

  5. forceps

  6. methylene blue

  7. Onion

  8. Cheek

  9. water

  10. Animal cell (cheek cell): Firstly, the toothpick on the table was taken by one of our group member as per the instruction from the lab technician and he gently scraped to collect cheek from inside of his mouth

  11. He rubbed the cheeks onto the slide and gently placed the toothpick on the table

  12. A drop of methylene blue was carefully added on the same spot where the cheeks are and we gently stirred it

  13. Then the cover slip was carefully placed on top of the prepared place

  14. The slide was placed on the stage of the microscope for viewing

  15. We firstly viewed the cells using the low magnification(4x) and then rotate the nosepiece to view it from the higher magnification(10x)
• Results


  • Results should include data, diagrams, graphs and images collected during the lab exercise
  • If image is taken from other sources acknowledge sources under the image
  • Most diagram will be required to be hand drawn
• Albino


  Skin type
• H


  Dominant allele
• Discussion


  • Discussion should be based on what the results showed. This is where you explain and compare your results with other studies
  • Any information or statement added in to support results must be referenced
  • Discussion questions will also be provided as a guide to help you write out your discussions
  • Discussion questions are important as they might come in the lab test at the end of the semester
  • This is the main part of the lab report and should be detailed
  • At least 3-4 paragraphs for the discussion section should do
• h


  Recessive allele

  
• Conclusion and Recommendation


  • Conclusion should be a brief summary of the lab exercise and result
  • State whether the objectives of the lab where achieved
  • If you have a recommendation on what you could have done better or what went wrong that might have altered the results you can also mention that. (Not necessary)
  • Conclusion should be short. At least 3-4 sentences
• References


  • All references cited in the report should be listed on a separate page
  • Use APA style when citing and referencing. (American Physiological Association)
• The pulse rate also increases because oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported by the blood and blood vessels, since there is a great need to remove carbon dioxide and replenish oxygen the heart beats faster hence increasing pulse rate


  Ahmadi, G. (2013). The Human respiratory system. Springer Science+Buisenses media dortretch, 19-44.
• L


  Dominant allele
• l


  Recessive allele
• M


  Dominant allele

  
• m


  Recessive allele

  
• Widows peak


  • Hairline feature
• Straight hairline


  • Hairline feature
• A


  Dominant allele
• a


  Recessive allele
• Ast LABORATORY EXERCISE 2
• Microscopy


  1. Identify the parts of a compound microscope and describe the function of each

  2. Describe and demonstrate the correct way to (a) carry a microscope, (b) focus with each objective, and (c) calculate the total magnification

  3. Define all terms in bold print
• Compound microscope


  Essential for the study of cells and tissues
• Materials


  • Compound microscope
  • Prepared slide of the letter "e"
  • Microscope slides
  • Cover glass
  • Cover slip
  • Water in dropping bottle
  • Scissors
  • Petrie dush
  • Dropper (Pupet)
• Parts of the microscope


  • Base
  • Arm
  • Body tube
  • Ocular lens
  • Revolving nosepiece
  • Objective lenses
  • Stage
  • Stage aperture
  • Condenser
  • Iris diaphragm lever
  • Coarse focusing knob
  • Fine focusing knob
• Monocular


  Microscope with one eyepiece
• Binocular


  Microscope with two eyepieces
• Ocular


  Lens at the upper end of the body tube
• Objective lenses


  Attached to the revolving nosepiece
• Low power objective


  Shortest objective, magnification of 10X
• High-dry objective


  Longest objective, magnification of 45X
• Stage


  Platform on which a microscope slide is placed for viewing
• Stage aperture


  Opening in the center of the stage
• Condenser


  Concentrates the light on the microscope slide
• Coarse focusing knob


  Larger diameter, used to bring objects into rough focus
• Fine focusing knob


  Smaller diameter, used to bring objects into sharp focus