Biology

• Cell


  Basic unit of life
• Organism


  Consists of one or more cells
• Biology


  Scientific study of life
• Nucleic Acids


  The coding instructions for all living organisms
• Five qualities that constitute life


  1. Organization

  2. energy use

  3. maintenance of internal constancy

  4. Reproduction, growth, and development

  5. Evolution
• How is life organized?

  Into a tremendous hierarchical pattern
• Atom


  Smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance
• Molecule


  A group of joined atoms (DNA)
• Organelle


  Membrane bounded structure that has a specific function in a cell
• Cell


  The fundamental unit of life
• Tissue


  A collection of specialized cells that function in a coordinated fashion
• Organ


  Structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions
• Organ system


  Organs connected physically or chemically that function together
• Organism


  Single living individual/matter
• Population


  Same species living in the same place and time
• Community


  All populations that occupy the same region
• Ecosystem


  Living and non living components
• Biosphere


  Global ecosystem
• Emergent properties


  New complex functions that arise at each level of organization

  
  

  Ex: endothelial cell -> sheet of endothelial cells -> capillary to make a tube for transport
• Energy from sunlight goes to what?

  Producers
• Consumers


  Eat producers and let off heat
• Decomposers


  Consumers that gain energy from dead organisms and organic wastes
• What is lost every time energy is transferred?

  Heat
• Homeostasis


  Cells or organisms maintaining an equilibrium state

  
  

  
  

  A thermostat changes to keep room in equilibrium
• How does Life reproduce, grow and develop?

  Asexually and sexually
• Asexual


  Worms are asexual, cloning yourself
• Taxonomy


  Naming and classification of organisms
• What are the three domains?


  Domain bacteria, domain archaea, and domain Eukarya
• How does life evolve?

  Through mutation and natural selection
• Prokaryotic


  Lacking of nuclei
• Eukaryotic


  Containing nuclei
• Domain bacteria


  No nuclei within cells

  Unicellular
• Domain archaea


  No nuclei

  Unicellular
• Domain Eukarya


  Cells contain nuclei

  Both unicellular and multicellular exist

  Protista; kingdom animalia; kingdom fungi; kingdom plantae
• Protista


  Unicellular or multicellular

  Autotrophs or heterotrophs
• Kingdom Animalia


  Multicellular

  Heterotrophs (by ingestion)
• Kingdom fungi


  Mostly multicellular

  Heterotrophs (by external digestion)
• Kingdom plantae


  Multicellular

  Autotrophs
• What are the four taxonomic groups you need to remember?


  Domain, kingdom, genus, species
• Scientific method


  1. Observations and questions

  2. Hypothesis and predictions

  3. Data collection and experimentation

  4. Analysis and peer review