Geo: Globalization

• The Nexus


  Everything is connected environmentally, socially, and economically
• Time space convergence


  Takes 4 hours to get to vancouver now, took days to travel 400 years ago
• The world is getting smaller
• Improvements


  • In transportation
  • In communication
• The progress trap


  We continue to make the same mistakes, but on a bigger scale
• The argument that with globalization comes a more homogeneous global population
• Hans Rosling


  Person behind gapminder
• Don't Panic


  Book by Hans Rosling
• In 1800, world population became 1 Billion
• From 1900 to 2020, world population grew from 3 billion to 8 billion
• Gapminder


  Shows the change in babies per family vs Life expectancy throughout the world
• 88% of British people answered the survey about average number of babies per family in bangladesh incorrectly
• Bangladesh


  • Dramatic increase in child survival
  • Better nutrition, vaccines, personnel improvements
  • Low infant mortality means low fertility rate
  • Lessens the burden on the woman
  • Government initiatives towards sustainable development
  • Employment of women to educate other women about contraceptives
  • Equality in schooling - paying families to keep their daughters in school
• We have reached peak child
• The rest of population growth this century is the inevitable fill up of adults
• Food security


  Defining food security
• Geopolitics


  Political power or vulnerability based upon resource abundance or scarcity
• Saudi Arabia's power


  • Because they have oil
• Jamal khushogi's murder by saudi officials and the resulting inaction by canada and USA
• Trump trying to implement a muslim ban on CERTAIN muslim nations - syria
• Water use


  Affects energy resources
• Water gets used for other things and then can not be used for sustainable purposes
• Water is used for farming and agriculture, usually unsustainably
• Water is used for clothing and manufacturing
• Water-food-energy nexus


  Everything is connected and changes can shift the equilibrium
• Problems with feeding asia


  • Large populations usually rely on singular food sources, growth can exhaust the food source
  • Distribution of rural populations
• Variations in the worlds rubbish (continental scale)


  Increases within the HIC's and the large cities in the HIC's
• Comment on waste export to china
• Culture


  • Homogenization of society
  • Social norms
  • Traditions
  • Practices
  • Beliefs
  • Identity
  • Ways of thinking
  • Values
  • Morals
  • Art
  • Music
  • Films
  • Storytelling
  • Architecture
• World Bank


  • International lending institution controlled by the G7, same as the IMF
  • Supposedly has a more long term goal of ending poverty, and is less worried about traditional loan structure
• IMF


  More standard loan system
• World Bank criticisms


  • Creates austerity in developing nations
  • Often lends to governments that are in known violation of human rights and/or corrupt
  • Metaphor of robin hood giving gold to the poor, then right away having his goon punch the poor person in the face and take back the gold
• KOF Globalization indicators


  • Measures the economic, social, and political factors
  • Economic globalization - flows of trade, foreign investment, restrictions
  • Social Globalization - spread of ideas, information, people
  • Political globalization - degree of political cooperation, international memberships, treaties signed
• The KOF index is produced on a yearly basis
• Small countries need to be more global to survive because there is less of an internal market
• The Cold War


  East vs west, never directly fighting, but proxy wars were common
• Karl Marx


  • Idea guy for Marxism (Communism)
  • Revolution is necessary for change
  • Has to be bloody
  • Has to be everywhere
• Lenin


  • Took over russia after world war one
  • Established one party state
  • Outlawed political opposition
• Stalin


  • Industrialized successfully at great human cost
  • Man made famine
  • Expansion of gulag labour camps and slave labour
• In WWII, russia had originally allied with the allies to eliminate the axis because the fascists and communists are great haters