Geo Final

• Malthusians


  people who worry that uncontrolled population growth will lead to issues of food supply
• Neo-Malthusian


  focus on our overall impact on the environment concerning population growth.
• Demographic transition 


  model that describes population change over time
• Death rates were high because


  (1) Lack of knowledge of disease prevention and cure (2) occasional food shortages
• Stage Two


  rise in population due to lower death rates and birth rates remain high
• Why decline in death rates?


  (1) improvement of food supply and people's diets (2) improvements in public health
• how did the age structure change?


  the population became more youthful since children are not dying that young.
• Stage Three


  moves population towards stability through a decline in the birth rate
• Stage Four


  characterized by stability and the presence of an aging population
• Which countries constitute the global economic core?


  USA, Canada, Western Europe, and Japan
• Development


  a system improves
• Growth


  the increase in the size of a system
• Extractive resources


  resources that must be extracted from the Earth's surface
• Human resources


  skills and brainpower
• Core- Periphery Model


  Describes the spatial distribution of economic activity and power within a region or country.
• Core Areas


  regions or cities that have high levels of economic development, industrialization, infrastructure, and access to resources
• Periphery Areas


  located at the margins of the core areas. They are dependent on core countries for capital.
• Keystone species


  Migratory birds and eelgrass
• Traditional Knowledge

  •  knowledge connected to the people and the land.
• main drivers of climate change:


  temperature rising, increase in precipitations, droughts, unpredictable weather, year to year variations
• Main impacts:


  Forest fires, landslides, erosion, changes in vegetation and wildlife distribution, disruption of wildlife migration patterns.
• Traditional ecological knowledge


  provides information about climate change across generations and geography of the actual residents in the area
• Weather


  immediate state of the atmosphere
• climate


  total record of weather conditions at a place over time