Science Quarter 4 reviewer

• Ingestion - is to take in food through the mouth.
• Absorption - is the process of absorbing food and the form of nutrients into the bloodstream of the body.
• Assimilation - is the process of nutrients being absorbed by each cell of the body in the form of energy.
• Excretion - is the elimination of materials that cannot be digested.
• Digestive system - is composed of organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, salivary glands, and teeth.
• Mouth - is where digestion begins with chewing or mastication.
• Saliva - contains enzymes which begin breaking down carbohydrates.
• Teeth - are used to break up food into smaller pieces.
• Esophagus - carries swallowed food from the mouth to the stomach.
• Stomach - mixes food with gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and proteolytic enzymes.
• Rectum - stores feces until they can be eliminated.
• • Mechanical digestion - the process of breaking down foods by chewing, grinding, and swallowing the foods.
• Chemical digestion - the process of breaking the food with the use of chemicals that liquefies the food.
• Peristalsis - is the movement of how wil pharynx move the food down to the stomach.
• Hydrochloric Acid - helps break down protein molecules into amino acids
• Mitosis and Meiosis - the two types of cell division.
• G1, S, and G2 is the correct arrangement of the interphase period.
• DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
• Mitosis - produces two identical daughter cells.
• Meiosis - A type of cell that produces four haploid sex cells.
• Dominant - it is an allele a gene or a trait that is expressed in represented by a capital letter.
• Recessive - it is a gene whose effects are mask in the presence of a dominant gene and represented by a small letter.
• Homozygous - it is an organism that has the same two copies of a gene.
• Heterozygous - it is an organism that has different copies of a gene for a particular trait.
• Genotype - it is an organism that has different copies of a gene for a particular trait.
• Phenotype - it is the combination of their observable characteristics or trait.
• Law of Dominance - states that when an organism is heterozygous for a trait only the dominant allele will produce a phenotype.
• Law of Segregation - states that each individual that is a diploid has a pair of alleles (copy) for a particular trait.
• Law of Independent Assortment - states that different genes and their alleles are inherited independently within sexually reproducing organisms.
• Gregor Johan Mendel - the father of genetics.
• Genetic Diversity - it refers to the differences in the genetic makeup of a distinct species and to the genetic variations within a single species.
• Species Diversity - it is the simple and most common measure of biodiversity using the number of different species that live within a region as the parameter.
• Ecosystem Diversity - the major habitat types from which all other smaller ecosystems derive are called terrestrial marine and aquatic ecosystems.
• Low biodiversity - is when there are a few prominent species and a low number of other species within the habitat.
• High biodiversity - is a habitat or ecosystem that has a high number of different species.
• Monoculture - is when an ecosystem has only one prominent species and has very low biodiversity.
• Domain - is the highest taxonomic rank hierarchical biological classification system.
• Archaea - cells do not contain a nucleus they have a different cell wall from bacteria live in an extreme environment.
• Bacteria - cells do not contain a nucleus cell walls are made a peptildoglycan a (carbohydrate).
• Eukarya - cells contain a nucleus.