Philo

• Philosophy


  The study of being (or everything), according to its ultimate explanation, in the light of reason
• Major Branches of Philosophy


  • Metaphysics
  • Epistemology
  • Ethics
  • Aesthetics
  • Logic
• Metaphysics


  Studies the nature of reality (meta+physika = beyond physical)
• Epistemology


  Studies the nature & scope of knowledge & truth (episteme+logos = study of knowledge)
• Ethics


  Studies & evaluates human conduct (ethos = habit, character)
• Aesthetics


  Studies the nature & appreciation of beauty & art (aisthetikos = of sense perception)
• Logic


  Studies the principles & criteria of a sound reasoning (logos = word, reason, principle)
• Holistic Perspective


  A point of view where something is seen or perceived as a whole or in totality, and all pertinent aspects are considered before making a judgment
• Partial Perspective


  A point of view where only a portion of something is seen or perceived, and not all pertinent aspects are considered before making a judgment
• Doing philosophy or Philosophizing means asking questions, reflecting, and formulating & evaluating arguments
• Philosophical Reflection is the act of giving time to think about the meaning and purpose of life
• Philosophy


  • Love of Wisdom
  • The act of seeking what is real and of communicating it truthfully
• Truth


  • Something we say, something we tell
  • Ontological truth (what exists)
  • Logical/Propositional truth (articulation or expression of truth that corresponds to reality)
• Logical/Propositional truth


  • Correspondence (statement corresponds to a fact)
  • Coherence (statement coheres to a relevant system)
  • Pragmatic (statement has beneficial consequences)
• Fact


  Piece of information that can be proved with concrete evidence
• Opinion


  Personal view or judgment that has its root in belief rather than in truth
• Methods of philosophizing


  • Socratic Method
  • Platonic Method
  • Aristotelian Method
  • Cartesian Method
  • Pragmatic Method
  • Phenomenology
  • Philosophical Reasoning/Logical Argumentation
• Untruth


  Lie (intentionally false statement)
• Correspondence - corresponds to a fact in the world (it is raining outside)
• Coherence - coheres to a relevant system (no id, no entry)
• Pragmatic - has beneficial consequences (danger: high voltage)