respiration

• Components and functions of the respiratory system

  • Ventilation
  • Gas exchange in lungs
  • Transport of O2 and CO2 in the blood
  • Gas exchange at tissues

  
• Respiration is different from cellular respiration
• Functions of the respiratory system

  • Respiration
  • Regulation of blood pH
  • Voice production
  • Olfaction
  • Protection

  
• Structures of the upper respiratory tract

  • Nasal cavity
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
  • Epiglottis
  • Larynx
  • Trachea

  
• Structures of the lower respiratory tract

  • Trachea
  • Respiratory epithelium

  
• Right lung

  • 3 lobes, 2 fissures
• Left lung

  • 2 lobes, 1 fissure
• Serous membranes of the lungs

  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura
  • Pleural cavity

  
• Zones of the respiratory tree

  • Conducting zone (nose to bronchioles)
  • Respiratory zone (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli)

  
• Conducting zone

  Only for the movement of air, filters, humidifies and warms air
• Respiratory zone

  Where gas exchange takes place
• Respiratory membrane

  Site of gaseous exchange
• Surfactant

  Secreted by specific cells in the alveoli, acts to reduce surface tension inside the alveoli and reducing alveolar collapse