P6 reviewr

• Magneticfield is the region around a magnetic pole where the influence of the pole is evident.
• Mathematically, magnetic field is generally computed using the equation:
• Ampere's law shows the relationship between the flowing current through the loop of conductor and the net magnetic field produced in the loop. It generally states that “whenever current passes through a conductor, a magnetic field is produced around it”.
• The right hand rule There are two main quantities being associated with magnetism – the current that flows and the magnetic field that it produces. Both quantities are vectors. The direction of these quantities is determined using the right-hand rule. Using your right hand, position your thumb and the rest of your fingers as if you were grasping a wire
• The right hand rule The magnetic field along a straight current-carrying conductor forms concentric circles around the wire. It is computed using the following equation:
• Force of attraction Using the right-hand rule, if both currents are in the same direction, their magnetic fields will be oppositely directed. This implies that the wires will experience a
• Force of repulsion if both currents flow in opposite directions, their magnetic fields will propagate in the same direction. This implies that the wires will experience a
• Electromagnetic induction The process of inducing a current in a circuit with a changing magnetic field is called
• Electromotive force the voltage generated by a battery or by the magnetic force according to Faraday’s Law. It is measured in the units of volts, not Newtons, and thus, is not actually a Force.
• Solenoid coil of wire that acts as a magnet when an electric current flows through it.
• Flux The rate of transfer of energy (or another physical quantity) through a given surface, specifically electric flux or magnetic flux
• Magnetic flux Every magnetic pole is surrounded by a magnetic field, wherein the magnetic force from the pole could affect other magnetic poles.
• The measurement of the strength of the magnetic force from the pole is referred to as the magnetic flux. Mathematically, this is computed using the equation:
• Faraday's Law The induced EMF in a coil is proportional to the number of loops in the coil and the rate of change of the magnetic flux within the coil loops.
• Faraday's law concluded that electric current could also be induced by a changing magnetic flux in a system of circuits aside from being produced by a battery.
• Transformers are used to adjust AC (alternating current) voltages and currents in circuits. It is made up of two coils of wire wound on the same core
• If the secondary coil has more turns than the primary, then the alternating voltage produced is increased
• On the other hand, if the secondary coil has fewer turns than the primary, the voltage produces decreased
• Lenz's law Another law of interest in the study of electromagnetic induction
• which is named after the Russian scientist henry lenz
• Cells and batteries contain fixed positive and negative terminals. This implies that current from the battery flows in one way at all times, from the positive end to the negative end. This current is referred to as Direct current
• If the EMF alternately directs itself, associated current also flows alternately along the conductor. This leads to the production of an Alternating Current
• Inductor is a coil of conductor attached to a circuit for the purpose of inducing EMF
• Lc circuit Connecting a capacitor and an inductor together in a circuit produces an
• James clerk maxwell described light as a propagating wave made up of electric and magnetic fields. His work revealed that electromagnetic radiation came from oscillating electric and magnetic fields travelling as waves with a speed equal to the speed of light
• Electromagnetic waves A transverse wave produced by a vibrating electric charge.
• Wavelength measurement of the distance between the successive crests (highest points) or troughs (lowest points) of a wave
• Frequency number of waves that propagate in a unit of time, which is usually in seconds
• Speed how fast the wave is propagating
• Transverse wave A wave in which the movement of the energy is perpendicular to the movement of the particle of the wave
• Longitudinal wave A wave with the energy moving parallel to the movement of the particle of the wave
• Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that have the capability of propagating even without a medium. As EM waves enter any medium, various properties of the medium dictate how EM waves will propagate. The most common of these properties is the index of refraction. The other two properties are electric permittivity and magnetic permeability.
• Reflection of light When light strikes a material, it has the capacity to bounce against it or be reflected
• Incident ray is the light ray that approaches the reflecting surface and forms an angle with the line that is normal or perpendicular to the surface.
• Reflected ray the light ray that bounces off the reflecting surface
• Regular When light is incident on a smooth surface, it produces
• Diffused Is produced from light being incident to rough surfaces wherein the reflected rays have varying directions.
• Refraction is the bending of light as it enters a different optical medium. This bending of light is associated with the absolute index of refraction of the medium
• How a ray is refracted at the interface between two materials of different indices of refraction (n1 and n2) is given by snell's law
• Isaac Newton discovered that images were colored at the edge while he was studying lens images of celestial bodies