tissues

• Major tissue classifications in the body

  • Epithelial tissue
  • Connective tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • Nervous tissue

  
• Epithelial tissue

  • Cover and protect the outside and inside of the body
  • Mostly made up of cells
  • Cover body surfaces
  • Have one free (apical) surface
  • Have a basement membrane
  • Are non-vascular

  
• Jobs of epithelial tissues

  • Protect layers underneath
  • Act as a barrier
  • Allow molecules to pass through
  • Secrete substances
  • Absorb substances
• Types of epithelial tissues by cell layers

  • Simple (single layer)
  • Stratified (more than one layer)
  • Pseudostratified (look like more than one layer but all cells in contact with basement membrane)

  
• Types of epithelial tissues by cell shape

  • Squamous (flat, thin, paving stone-like)
  • Cuboidal (cube-shaped central nuclei)
  • Columnar (tall cells with oval nuclei near base)
  • Transitional (can change shape from squamous to columnar, only in bladder)
• Connective tissue

  • Few cells, more extracellular material
  • Extracellular matrix (ground substance, fibers)
  • Functions are strength, elasticity, protection
• Types of connective tissues

  • Supporting (areolar, dense)
  • Fluid (blood)
  • Loose
  • Dense
• Blood


  • Carries O2 and CO2
  • Protects body from infection
  • Needed for clotting
• Blood components

  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Platelets
• Muscle tissue types

  • Skeletal muscle
  • Smooth muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
• Skeletal muscle

  • Attaches to bones to produce movement
  • Voluntary control
  • Multinucleated, long, cylindrical, striated cells
• Smooth muscle

  • Walls of hollow organs
  • Involuntary control
  • Single nucleus, spindle-shaped, non-striated cells
• Cardiac muscle

  • Heart
  • Involuntary control
  • Single nucleus, branched, striated cells with intercalated discs
• Nervous tissue components

  • Neurons
  • Neuroglial cells
• Tissues are groups of cells with similar structure and function
• Major tissue classifications in the body

  • Epithelial tissue
  • Connective tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • Nervous tissue

  
• Types of epithelial tissues by cell layers

  • Simple (single layer)
  • Stratified (more than one layer)
  • Pseudostratified (look like more than one layer but all cells in contact with basement membrane)
• Types of epithelial tissues by cell shape

  • Squamous (flat, thin, paving stone-like)
  • Cuboidal (cube-shaped central nuclei)
  • Columnar (tall cells with oval nuclei near base)
  • Transitional (can change shape from squamous to columnar, only in bladder)
• Smooth muscle


  • Walls of hollow organs
  • Involuntary control
  • Single nucleus, spindle-shaped, non-striated cells
• Cardiac muscle


  • Heart
  • Involuntary control
  • Single nucleus, branched, striated cells with intercalated discs
• Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia