Enzymes

• Enzymes are

  Proteins that function as biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions and remain unchanged
• Anabolic reactions are 


  building up of complex substances
• Catabolic Reactions are


  breaking down of complex substances
• Enzyme-Substrate complex is formed


  when active site is complementary
• Enzyme + Substrate forms

  Enzyme-Substrate complex
• Enzyme-Substrate complex forms

  Enzyme + Products
• Why do we need enzymes for digestion

  To have smaller simpler substances to diffuse through the cell membrane
• Starch to Maltose


  Amylase
• Maltose to Glucose


  Maltase
• Proteins to Amino Acids


  Protease
• Fatty acids and Glycerol 


  Lipase
• Enzymes speed up chemical reactions


  by lowering the activation energy
• Enzymes are chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
• Enzymes are highly specific


  due to its unique 3D shape
• What is the Lock

  Enzyme
• What is the key

  Substrate
• Only the substrate with the 3D Shape complimentary to that of the active site can fit into the enzyme to form an Enzyme-Substrate Complex
• 3 factors that affect enzyme activity


  Temperature

  pH level

  substrate concentration
• How to increase enzyme activity

  Increase the temperature until it reaches optimum temperature

  Increase enzyme concentration

  Increase formations of Enzyme-Substrate complex thus increasing rate of reaction
• Enzymes may not work when

  Inactive

  Denatured (extreme temperatures/pH levels)
• Temperature

  Kinetic Energy

  Effective Collisions

  Enzyme-Substrate Complex

  Products formed
• pH Level

  Effective Collision

  Enzyme-Substrate Complex

  Products formed