P.E 4

• Backpack


  • Very important during a hike, since everything that one will need is carried in this pack
• Hiking Shoes lighter and more flexible but offer less support
• Trekking Poles


  • Have a maximum length 135 cm (54 inches). Can be retracted and made in 2 or 3 sections
• Basic skills in hiking

  1. Setting a hiking pace

  2. Establishing your rhythm

  3. Taking breaks
• Fever


  Low grade or no fever if temperature is 38°C or 100.4F or below
• Symptoms of Fever

  • Unresponsive
  • Rashes
  • Lips turning bluish
  • Having difficulty breathing
  • Experience convulsions/seizure
• Headache


  Can be caused by lack of eye protection from sun rays, tension in the neck, dehydration, swelling brain tissue
• Altitude/Mountain Sickness


  Happens because of the rate of ascent into higher altitudes outpaces the body's ability to adjust
• When emergency should be sought for HAPE (High Altitude Pulmonary Edema)

  • Shortness of breath at rest
  • Lips or nails turn bluish or grayish
  • Cough
  • Drowsiness
• When emergency should be sought for HACE (High Altitude Cerebral Edema)

  • Having trouble keeping up with the group
  • Walking and coordination become impaired
  • As the brain continues to swell, lethargy and comatose will develop
• Heat cramps happens during heavy activity and hot environment
• Hypothermia


  When the body chills faster than the body's ability to produce heat
• Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)


  A life saving technique administered when breathing and heart beat of a person stopped
• Environmental hazard + Human factor hazard

  Accident potential
• Swimming


  The propulsion of the body through water by combined arm and leg motions and the natural floatation of the body
• Aquatics


  From latin word "AQUA" means WATER
• Aquatic Sports (takes place in an Aquatic Center)

  • Diving
  • Swimming
• Swimming started its sporting journey

  Mid 19th Century
• World's first swimming organization was formed in London

  1837
• First swimming championship held in Australia

  1846
• Swimming rules

  • Always swim with a buddy
  • Swim in the area that have lifeguard
  • Stay out of water when you are tired
  • Follow all swimming rules posted in the area
  • Obey the lifeguard's instructions
  • If you can't see the bottom of the pool in the deep end water, don't swim there
  • Avoid swimming in unlighted areas
  • Don't chew gum or eat while swimming
  • Do not push, shove, or run near the water
  • Get out of water if you see lightning or hear thunder
• Snorkeling


  Underwater activity that involves a breathing tube
• Canoeing


  Also referred as KAYAKING. Tries to travel down a stream of a river using a single bladed paddle to steer the canoe
• Kayaking


  Moving through water in a small water vessel with the aid of a double-bladed paddle
• Scuba Diving


  Water sport that involves breathing air from a tank while underwater
• SCUBA

  Self, Contained, Underwater, Breathing, Apparatus
• Recreation


  From latin word "RECREARE" which means TO BE REFRESHED
• Basic equipments in Snorkeling

  • Mask
  • Snorkel
  • Snorkeling vests
  • Skin protection
  • Fins
• Footwear most important equipment during a hike
• Hiking Boots give more support and more protective features (have higher cut)
• Backpacking Boots - for longer treks carrying heavy loads. Can cope all kinds of terrain and weather
• Hyperthermia the body produces or absorb more heat than it can dissipate
• Heat exhaustion when water is not sufficient on the body, it becomes dehydrated and salt depleted
• Heat stroke loses consciousness, seizures, and the skin becomes red and dry
• Hazards things that have a potential to harm
• Risk likelihood of realizing such potential
• D - Danger

  R - Responsiveness

  S - Send

  A - Airway

  B - Breathing

  C - CPR
• Diving Related Sickness

  • Barotrauma - a serious injury that occur because of pressure differences between the body and the water
• Diving Related Sickness

  • Decompression Sickness - a serious deep water diving related injury. Happens when divers fail to follow prescribed dive's profiles
• Benefits of Aquatic Activities

  1.) Buoyancy - helps the swimmer to stay closer to the surface