ARALING PANLIPUNAN

• Panahon ng Enlightenment "Age of reason"

  1685-1815
• Scientific revolution 1543-1687
• Industrial revolution 1760 - 1840
• Comprised of scholars that plan to save Europe from a time without reason of fact
• How did Age of reason start?

  New political ideas, giving opinions, regulation of trades in the government
• Kilusang intelektwal - a group of philosophers that use science to solve economical, politiacal, and cultural problems
• The effects of the Enlightenment served as the foundation of modern ideas about the government, democracy, education and arts
• Thomas Hobbes: Natural Law and Leviathan; John Locke: Two Treaties of the Government, Social contract, natural rights and Blank Slate (Tabula Rasa)
• Emphasized the Social Contact : Thomas Hobbes (Pact with the government)
• Divine right of kings: The idea that God gave the king the right to rule over the people. (From thomas hobbes)
• Natural Law: The belief that monarchy is the best way to rule
• Leviathan: A book that shows how the government would be without a leader, written by Thomas Hobbes
• Two Treaties of government by John Locke: States that people could turn their backs from a leader when his promises are not fulfilled
• Tabula Rasa / Blank Slate: The idea that a person's mind is a blank slate, and that all knowledge is acquired through experience, influenced by their environment
• Jean Jacques Rousseau: Emile 1762; Cesare Beccaria: On Crimes of Punishments
• Seperation of Powers: Lehislatura - Legislative branch: Congress - Senate - House of Representatives; Executive branch: - President - Vice President - Cabinet; Judicial branch: Supreme Court & Other Federal courts
• Voltaire: Freedom of Speech; Freedom of Religion/ Religious Tolerance & 1st Amendment of US Constitution
• Denis Diderot: Encylopedie ou Dictionnare Raisonne Des Sciences Des Arts Et Des Metiers
• Denis Diderot wrote Articles about the Scientific Revolution
• Encyclopedia of Diderot: Mixed together concept of Renaissance, Scientific Revolution and Reformation
• Father of Economics: Adam Smith (1723-1790)
• Laissez Faire "Let be" : A political and economic philosophy that advocates minimal government intervention in the economy.
• 1987 Philippine Constitution: No capital punishment (Death penalty) unless the congress reinstates it on grounds such as heinous crimes
• No torture: Cesare Beccaria
• Jean Jacques Rousseau: Child-centered education
• Wife of US president John Adams: Abigail Adams
• Mary Wollstonecraft: Feminism, mother of Mary Shelley
• Mary Shelley: Frankenstein, 1818
• Importance of Enlightenment: Reason why their are Philosophes (French Philosophers) + Declaration of Independence, Philippine constitution, American Revolution
• "I think, therefore I am" : Rene Descartes
• Influences of Kaisipang Intelektuwal in American Revolution: Magna Carta, English bill of rights, separation of powers & natural rights
• Revolution:

  America: We the people

  France: Liberty, Equality, Freedom of Speech and Religion
• Effects of Enlightenment: They analyzed power and religion and denounced social injustice
• Effects from Thomas Hobbes: people had to enter into an agreement with the government.

  leaders must protect and take care of his subordinates
• Effects from John Locke: his ideas became the basis for the Americans to break free from the rule of Great Britain

  Separation of Church and State
• Effects from Baron De Montesquieu: avoid excessive government power
• Mary Wollstonecraft: Equal rights for women

  Education for women

  Women were inspired to fight for their rights.