Pre-Analytical Testing Phase

• Pre-Analytical Phase of Testing


  Includes procedures before laboratory testing, ensuring proper control measures.
• Phlebotomist


  Individual responsible for identifying factors affecting the testing process.
• Basal State


  Ideal condition for establishing reference ranges, reflecting early morning metabolism or fasting.
• Vascular Access Sites


  Locations for drawing blood, including arterial lines, shunts, and IV sites.
• Central Vascular Access Devices


  Indwelling lines for blood collection, monitoring, and administering medications.
• Central Venous Catheter


  Central line inserted into the large vein (subclavian) and advanced into superior vena cava.
• Implanted Port


  Disk-shaped chamber surgically implanted for blood collection, usually placed on the upper chest.
• Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)


  Flexible tube inserted into extremity veins and central veins for various medical purposes.
• Hematoma Formation


  Occurs due to factors like excessive probing, arterial puncture, or incorrect vein size during blood draw.
• Iatrogenic Anemia


  This happens when blood is filling up the tube rapidly and

  there is a rapid formation of hematoma on the site.
• Inadvertent Arterial Puncture


  Accidental puncture of an artery during a blood draw, leading to complications.
• Infection Prevention


  Measures to prevent infections during blood collection, including proper handling and sterilization techniques.
• Nerve Injury


  happens when there is improper

  site selection, rapid needle insertion, excessive

  redirection of the needle and blind probing.
• Reflux of Anticoagulant


  Preventing blood from flowing back into the vein post-collection to avoid adverse reactions.
• Vein Damage


  Avoidable damage to veins during blood collection by following correct techniques and avoiding blind probing.
• Collapsed Vein


  usually occur when conditions are less

  than ideal, which leads to the veins being blocked,

  resulting to insufficient blood flow.
• Tube Vacuum


  Maintaining vacuum in blood collection tubes to prevent specimen contamination.
• Hemoconcentration


  is a decrease in the fluid content or

  plasma volume which is usually caused by tourniquet that stagnates the normal flow of blood
• Hemolysis


  which is also called haemolysis, refers to the

  rupture pes of the red blood cells.
• Partially Filled Tubes


  or short draw, happens when the

  phlebotomist pulls a tube before reaching the required

  volume which may lead to the incorrect blood-to-additive ratio.
• Specimen Contamination


  Compromised specimen due to incorrect handling, introducing foreign substances like alcohol or powder.
• Wrong or Expired Collection Tube


  should not be used because the manufacturer could not warrant the quality of the seal and pressure after the expiration date declared in the tube.
• Central Vascular Access Devices (CVADs)


  also known as indwelling lines which is a tubing inserted to the main vein or artery used for blood collection, monitoring the patient's pressures and administering medications and fluids.