5.3 oscillations

• what is displacement?

  the distance from equilibrium position
• what is displacement measured in?

  meters
• what is amplitude?

  the maximum displacement from equilibrium position
• what is amplitude measured it?

  metres
• what is the symbol of displacement?

  x
• what is the symbol of amplitude?

  A
• what is period?

  the time taken to complete one full oscillation
• what is the symbol for period?

  T
• what is the units for period?

  seconds
• what is frequency?

  the number of complete oscillations per unit time
• what is the symbol for frequency?

  f
• what is frequency measures in?

  Hz
• what is phase difference?

  the difference in phase between two points in a wave
• what is phase difference expressed in?

  radians
• what are the two key features of an object moving with simple harmonic motion?

  • the acceleration of the object is directly proportional to its displacement
  • the minus sign means that acceleration of the object acts in the direction opposite to the displacement
• what are the components of this equation?

  ω = angular frequency

  x = displacement

  a = acceleration

  
• what are they key features of this graph?

  • gradient is negative therefore acceleration is negative towards the equilibrium position
  • it is a straight line graph through the origin therefore acceleration is directly proportional to displacement

  
• what is an isochronous oscillator?

  time period is independent of the amplitude.
• what happens to the average speed of a swing when the amplitude increase?

  increases
• what happens to the time period of a swing when the amplitude increase?

  stays the same
• what do these diagram represent?

  equipment to determine simple harmonic motion - you can also you a pendulum

  
• what type of marker do you use to indicate equilibrium position?

  fiducial marker
• what does this graph represent?

  displacement time graph for an object in SMH

  
• what does this graph represent?

  velocity time graoh for an object in SHM

  
• what does this graph represent?

  acceleration time graph for an object in SHM (released from max amplitude)

  
• what does a cosine SMH displacement time graph represent?

  an object being released from maximum amplitude
• what does a sine SMH displacement time graph represent?

  an object being released from the equilibrium position
• What does this equation represent?

  displacement when an object is released from maximum amplitude

  
• what does this equation represent?

  displacement when object is released from equilibrium position

  
• what are the components of this equation?

  v = velocity

  ω = angular frequency

  A = amplitude

  x = displacement

  
• how do you work out maximum velocity of an object in SMH?

  v max = ωA
• what types of energy are in SMH?

  kinetic energy

  gravitational potential energy
• what is the value of kinetic energy at maximum displacement?

  zero
• what is the value of kinetic energy at zero displacement?

  maximum
• what is the value of gravitational potential energy at maximum displacement?

  maximum
• what is the value of gravitational potential energy at zero displacement?

  zero
• label the graph

  A) energy in joules

  B) displacement in meters

  C) kinetic energy

  D) potential energy

  E) total energy

  
• what is light damping?

  when damping forces are small and the amplitude of oscillations decreases gradually over time.
• what is an example of light damping?

  pendulum oscillating in air
• what is heavy damping?

  when amplitude decreases significantly and time period also increases slightly