WOOD

• WOOD

  • Traditional building material
  • Easily available
  • Durable
  • Beautiful
• WOOD


  • Great ability to absorb shocks from sudden load
  • Rust and corrosion free
  • Lightweight
  • Adaptable to a countless variety of purpose
• Classification of woods

  • Hardwood
  • Softwood
• Hardwood


  • Deciduous trees that have broad leaves which are normally shed
  • Slow growth results in wood having a closer grain, making it stronger and harder
  • Gives better aesthetic qualities due to the interesting colors and grain patterns
• Hardwood

  • Oak
  • Mahogany
  • Teak
• Softwood


  • Conifers trees that have needles rather that leaves and that bear their seeds in cones
  • Faster growth results in a grain structure that is wider and less dense
  • Easy to work but less durable, light color
  • Steady supply and cheaper
• Softwood

  • Pine
  • Spruce
  • Cedar
• Timber


  • Type of wood that has been processed into beams and planks
  • Lumber in USA and Canada
  • Any wood capable of yielding a minimum dimensional size can be termed as
  • Used for structural purposes
• Four categories of Philippine timber

  • First group
  • Second group
  • Third group
  • Fourth group
• Narra


  • Most expensive, used for furniture and panelings
  • For expensive floorings, door panels, stairs
• Second group

  • Acacia
  • Agoho
  • Oak
  • Philippine Chesnut
  • Pili
• Third group

  • Santol
  • Bakawan
  • Malakamias
• Fourth group


  • All other ordinary wood species
• Wood as construction material

  • Anisotropic material
  • Stronger when cut with the grain, weaker when cut against the grain
• Timber defects

  • Bow
  • Knot
  • Cup
  • Knot hole
  • Crook
  • Check
  • Twist
  • Shake
  • Wane
  • Split
• Wood


  • Resistant to acids, salts, and chemicals
  • Expands or shrinks based on moisture content
  • Drying process and chemical treatments increases resistance to decay, fungi, insects
• Wood panel


  • Less vulnerable to swelling and shrinkage
• Plywood


  • Made of multiple wood veneers glued together using high temperature and pressure
  • Has high uniform strength in relation to its weight
  • Less susceptible to shrinkage, swelling, warping
  • 4-4mm thickness to create surfaces
• Composite panels


  • Two or more parallel veneer sheets bonded together
  • Core is of reconstituted wood fibers and synthetic adhesive using heat and pressure
• Particle board panels


  Made up of smaller wood particles and has finer appearance similar to planed solid wood