science - long test

• gas - a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume
• general properties


  gas
• measurable properties


  volume, pressure, and temperature
• volume

  equal to the volume of its container
• pressure

  force exerted by the gas molecules or the walls of its container divided by the surface area of the container
• temperature

  average kinetic energy of the particles of gas
• boyles law

  states that the volume (v) of a sample of gas changes inversely with the pressure (p) of the gas as long as the temperature (t) and the amount of gas (n) remain constant
• carbohydrates

  they are molecules made from aldehydes and ketones containing numerous hydroxyl groups
• carbohydrate

  contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• nucleic acids

  molecules that code for hereditary traits by controlling the production of protein
• dna


  found mainly in the cell nucleic contains the genetic information that codes for the sequences of amino acids in proteins
• rna

  found in many place in the cell and carries out the synthesis of proteins
• nucleotides

  the monomers of nucleic acids
• lipids

  have different structural types such as carboxylic acids or fatty acids
• triglycerides

  the most abundant of the lipids are the fats and oils
• steroids

  another class of lipids whose molecules are composed of fused rings of atoms
• cholesterol

  the most important steroids
• fatty acids

  building blocks of lipids
• lipids

  found in harmones and cell membrane components
• hydrophobic

  water insoluble
• starch

  chief storage in plant
• glycogen

  major carbohydrate storage form in animals
• types of fats

  saturated, transfats, and unsaturated
• saturated fats

  derived largely from animal products like meat, dairy and eggs, but also plant-based sources
• transfats

  used to extend the shelf life of processed foods
• unsaturated fats

  derived from vegetables and plants
• proteins

  second most common molecules in the body
• proteins

  amino acids
• cellulose

  basic component in plants
• calories

  unit of heat energy
• lipids

  C,H,O,N,S,P
• nucleic acids

  C,H,O,N,P
• carbohydrates

  C,H,O
• proteins


  C,H,O,N,P,S
• types of chemical reactions

  combination, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, combustion, acid-based
• combination

  two or more reactants unite to form a single product
• decomposition

  single compound is broken down to 2 or more elements or compound
• single displacement


  when one element is replaced by another element froma compound
• double displacement

  when positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions)of different compound switch places forming 2 entirely different compounds
• combustion


  when oxygen gas combines with hydrocarbon to form water and carbon dioxide