ENGLISH | 4th Quarter Examination

• Lines - units of text, organized in a specific pattern of structure.
• Stanza - group of lines within a poem.
• Rhyme - ending sounds of two or more words match.
• Rhyme Scheme - pattern of rhymes or the end of lines in a poem.
• Rhythm - pattern of stressed and unstressed syllable.
• Free Verse - does not adhere to traditional meter, rhyme, or stanza pattern.
• Alliteration - repetition of consonant sounds.
• Imagery - use of vivid language and sensory details.
• Exaggeration - use of overstatement or hyperbole.
• Figurative Language - encompasses various literary devices.
• Onomatopoeia - use of words that imitate or suggest the sound.
• Symbol - represents something beyond its literal meaning.
• Mood - overall atmosphere or emotional tone.
• Tone - attitude or perspective of the speaker.
• Style - distinctive manner or mode of expression employed.
• Iambic Foot (~)

  • consists of two beats, the first unaccented and the second accented.
  • it is known as the marching foot and is suitable for dignified subjects.
• Trochee (°)

  • consists of two beats, the first accented and the second unaccented.
  • is it suitable for light subjects.
• Spondee (")

  • consists of two accented syllables.
  • it is suitable for serious passages (the first two feet below).
• Anapest (~,)

  • consists of three beats, the first two unaccented and the third accented.
  • it is suitable for expressing rapid, lively movement.
• Dactyl (~-)

  • consists of three beats, the first accented and the other two unaccented.
  • also suitable for expressing speed.
• Lyric Poetry

  • short poem in a musical and rythmical form.
  • expresses feelings and emotions.
• Sonnet (Lyric Poetry)

  • lines - fourteen with iambic pentameter.
  • rhyme scheme - ABABCDCDEFEFGG
• Ode (Lyric Poetry)

  • formal poem with complex stanza pattern.
  • rhyme scheme - ABABCCDDEEFFGHHIIJJKKL
• Elegy (Lyric Poetry)

  • poem mourning for someone's death.
  • may follow a specific formal structure or meter, but they can also be more free-form in their composition.
• Narrative Poetry

  • expresses feelings and emotions.
  • tells a story in a poetic form.
• Alliteration - repetition of consonant.
• Assonance - repetition of vowel.
• Onomatopoeia - use of word whose sound suggested its meaning.
• Simile - comparison of two unlike things using as or like.
• Metaphor - comparison of two unlike things without using as or like.
• Metonymy - using another word that is associated with like a symbolism.
• Personification - objects are compared using human features and action.
• Hyperbole - exaggerates and goes beyond the meaning of the subject.
• Paradox - statement that appears contradictory.
• Allusion - makes a reference to a famous story, person, object, or event.
• Essay - piece of writing often written from an author's personal point of view.
• Formal

  • carefully organized and more serious than informal.
  • developed by Francis Bacon.
• Informal

  • knows also as personal essay.
  • does not attempt to be systematic in treatment.
  • reveal the writer's experience and opinion.
  • express the warmth of writer's personality.
  • uses colloquial languages.
• Parts of Research Paper:

  CHAPTER 1 - the problem and its background

  CHAPTER 2 - review of related literature

  CHAPTER 3 - method and procedures

  CHAPTER 4 - presentation, analysis, and interpretations of data

  CHAPTER 5 - summary, conclusions, and recommendation
• CHAPTER 1 (Background of the Study)

  • the introduction.
  • includes the purposes and reasons behind the conduct of the study.