CPH CHUCHU

• Demography


  •is the statistical study of human population.•

  •It encompasses the study of the size, structure and distribution of populations•

  •spatial and/or temporal changes in response to birth, migration, aging and death•

  refers to characteristics of a population.
• Population

  is the study of the character, number, and distribution ofliving organisms residing in or migrating through particular places.
• FACTORS IN POPULATION

  •Social and Biological Science

   

  •Size of Breeding Group
• Surveys

  Simple way of estimating the number of population in a smaller area.
• Arithmetic Increase Method


  it is assumed that the population increases at a constant amount per year.
• Geometric Increase Method


  assume that population increases at a constant rate per year.
• Demographic analysis

  can be applied to whole societies or to groups defined by criteria.

  – education, nationality, religion and ethnicity.

  –demography is considered a field of sociology.
• Formal demography

  limits its object of study to the measurement of populations processes.

  it comprises "a set of techniques by which data collected in censuses, surveys and vital registration systems about age, sex, births, deaths, migrations and marriages.
• Social demography

  population studies analyze the relationships between economic, social, cultural and biological processes influencing a population.
• Population studies

  encompasses the study of fertility, mortality and migration.
• CENSUS

  is the common direct method of collecting demographic data.
• Census

  is defined as an official and periodic enumeration of population.
• CENSUS

  determining and explaining trends in terms of population changes and planning programs and services.
• Vital statistics data


  collected continuously and summarized on an annual basis.
• De jure method


  is done when people are assigned to the place where they usually live regardless of where they are at the time of census
• De facto method

  is done when the people are assigned to the place where they are physically present at the time of the census regardless of their usual place of residence.
• Sample Survey

  –obtained data come from a small number of people proportionate to the total population,

  –the results will always be generalized for the whole population.
• Registration systems

  collected by the civil registrar’s office deal with recording vital events in the community.
• Vital events

  refer to births, deaths, marriage, divorces and the like.
• Direct data

  come from vital statistics registries that track all births and deaths.

  • -changes in legal status (marriage, divorce)migration (registration of place of residence)
• Indirect methods

  of collecting data are required in countries where full data are not available.
• Sister method technique

  – where survey researchers ask women how many of their sisters have died or had children and at what age.

  –Other indirect methods include asking people about siblings, parents, and children.
• crude birth rate


  the annual number of live births per 1,000 people.
• general fertility rate


  the annual number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age (often taken to be from 15 to 49 years old, but sometimes from 15 to 44).
• age-specific fertility rates

  the annual number of live births per 1,000 women in particular age groups (usually age 15-19, 20-24 etc.)
• crude death rate

  the annual number of deaths per 1,000 people.
• infant mortality rate


  the annual number of deaths of children less than 1 year old per 1,000 live births.
• expectation of life (or life expectancy),

  the number of years which an individual at a given age could expect to live at present mortality levels.
• total fertility rate


  the number of live births per woman completing her reproductive life, if her childbearing at each age reflected current age- specific fertility rates.
• replacement level fertility

  the average number of children a woman must have in order to replace herself with a daughter in the next generation.
• The gross reproduction rate


  the number of daughters who would be born to a woman completing her reproductive life at current age- specific fertility rates.
• net reproduction ratio

  is the expected number of daughters, per newborn prospective mother, who may or may not survive to and through the ages of childbearing.
• stable population


  one that has had constant crude birth and death rates for such long time that the percentage of people in every age class remains constant, or equivalently, the population pyramid has an unchanging structure.
• stationary population

  one that is both stable and unchanging in size.

  –it can be expanding or shrinking
• Fertility


  involves the number of children that women have and is to be contrasted with fecundity (a woman's childbearing potential).
• Mortality


  is the study of the causes, consequences, and measurement of processes affecting death to members of the population.
• Migration

  refers to the movement of persons from an origin place to a destination place across some pre-defined, political boundary.
• Natural increase


  is simply the difference between the number of births and the number of death occurring in a population in a specified period of time
• Rate of Natural increase


  is the difference between the Crude Birth Rate and the Crude Death rate occurring in a population in a specified period of time
• Absolute increase per year


  Measures the number of people that are added to the population per year.