power and the people 1170-present day

• Methods used by the monarch in the 2nd Barons war

  1258-1265

  • Wrote to the pope who agreed to cancel the Provisions of Oxford in 1261
  • Appointed own men to Great council
• Methods used by the Barons in the 1st Barons war

  1215

  • Wrote Magna Carta
  • Invited French prince Louis to be England's king
  • Supported Henry III
  • Sent French prince back
• Causes of the 1st Barons War

  1215

  • John fell out with the Pope and was excommunicated
  • Scutage increased
  • John lost wars in France
  • John ignored the Barons
• Long term significance of the 1st Barons war

  1215

  • Applied to more people later on
  • Showed that the king had responsibilities
  • Symbol of people power
  • First step towards democracy
• Short term significance of the 1st Barons war

  1215

  • John ignored the Magna Carta straight away
  • Only helped Barons but not peasants
  • Henry III reissued the Magna Carta
• Methods used by the monarchs in the 1st Barons war

  1215

  • John signed the Magna Carta
  • He then ignored it
  • Henry III took over and signed the Magna Carta
• Long term significance of the 2nd Barons war

  1258-1265

  • King's power was challenged again in the civil war
  • Women didn't get a say until the 20th century
  • Monarch now has no influence over the government
• Short term significance of the 2nd Barons war

  1258-1265

  • Henry didn't call parliament again
  • Edward called the model parliament
• Methods used by the Barons in the 2nd Barons war

  1258-1265

  • Simon De-Montfort made the Provisions of Oxford
  • Forced Henry III to accept it in 1258
  • Passed the Provisions of Westminster in 1259
• Causes of the 2nd Barons war

  1258-1265

  • Henry III increased taxes to fund his lifestyle
  • He lost two wars in France
  • Only listened to a few advisors
  • Supported Pope's expensive wars in Sicily
• Causes of the Peasants revolt

  1381

  • John Ball preached that all men should be equal
  • Poll tax
  • Statute of Labourers
  • John of Gaunt was a hated advisor of Richard II
• Methods used by the Peasants in the Peasants revolt

  1381

  • Led by Wat Tyler
  • Attacked Tax collectors
  • Marched to London
  • Killed Simon Sudbury and Sir Robert Hales
• Methods used by the King in the Peasants Revolt

  1381

  • Richard II
  • Killed Wat Tyler during a meeting
  • Executed hundreds of Peasants after leading them into a field
• Short term significance of the Peasants revolt

  1381

  • Peasants were not free from control
  • Poll tax abandoned
  • First time ordinary people rebelled
  • Start of English ideas of freedom
• Long term significance of the Peasants revolt

  1381

  • Peasant wages rose
  • Peasants could buy their own land
  • Peasants could become more independent and eventually were freemen
• Causes of the Pilgrimage of Grace

  1536

  • Dissolution of monasteries
  • Taxes to pay for wars in France
  • Hated advisor Thomas Cromwell
  • Political groups lost influence
• Methods used by the rebels in the Pilgrimage of Grace

  1536

  • Led by Robert Aske
  • Took York and Pontefract castle
  • Demanded Pontefract Articles
• Methods used by the King in the Pilgrimage of Grace

  1536

  • Henry VIII
  • Royal force outnumbered
  • Offers Aske a royal pardon and invites him to Christmas
  • Rebellion breaks out
  • Henry VIII cancels pardon and executes rebels including Robert Aske
• Short term significance of the Pilgrimage of Grace

  1536

  • Didn't stop the dissolution of monasteries
  • Economy improved
  • Money developed Royal Navy
  • Strengthened Council of the North
  • Cromwell had Aske, Darcy and Hussey killed
• Long term significance of the Pilgrimage of Grace

  1536

  • No more rebellions during Henry VIII reign
  • Cromwell executed in 1540
  • Landowners able to buy monastic land
  • Increase of the gentry class
• Causes of the civil war

  1625-1649

  • Charles I believed in the Divine Right of Kings
  • Charles I had favorites
  • He ruled without parliament
  • Ship money
  • Married a French Catholic
  • Church became more Catholic
• Methods used by Parliament in the Civil War

  1625-1649

  • Parliamentarians / Roundheads
  • Oliver Cromwell created New Model Army
  • Tried Charles I and executed him
• Methods used by the King in the civil war

  1625-1649

  • Royalists / Cavaliers
  • Surrendered
  • Encouraged Scots to invade his own country
• Short term significance of the civil war

  1625-1649

  • First English King to be executed
  • Hard to find an executioner
  • New sense of freedom
  • England was now a republic
  • No monarch
• Long term significance of the civil war

  1625-1649

  • Society was more equal
  • People free to worship how they want
  • Englands reputation restored
  • Limited Charles II power
  • Gave parliament more power
  • New laws limited Kings power passed in 1689
• Causes of American Revolution

  1776-1781

  • Resented paying for British army
  • Could only trade with Britain
  • Stamp Tax, Tea Tax
  • No representation in Parliament
  • 'No taxation without representation'
• Methods used by colonists in the American Revolution

  1776 - 1781

  • 1773 Boston tea party
  • 1775 Lexington incident
  • 1778 Declaration of Independence
• Methods used by the King and Government in the American Revolution

  1776-1781

  • George III
  • 1770 Boston Massacre
  • 1781 Battle of Yorktown
  • French support America
  • British forced to surrender
• Short term significance of the American Revolution

  1776-1781

  • Set up own government
  • Poor people didn't get a vote
  • Slavery still existed
  • Relations between France and Britain got worse
  • Britain look east for new colonies
• Long term significance of the American Revolution

  1776-1781

  • Inspired French Revolution
  • Inspired Working-class to demand voting rights and better representation
  • USA had developed into the most powerful country in the world
• Causes of the Peterloo Massacre

  1819

  • Workers had no political representations
  • Rotten Boroughs
  • Pocket Boroughs
  • Women didn't have the vote
  • No secret ballots
  • Property qualifications
• Methods used by the workers in the Peterloo Massacre

  1819

  • 60,000 Manchester workers gathered to hear Henry Hunt speak
  • Over 600 people injured and 15 killed within 10 minutes
• Methods the government used in the Peterloo Massacre

  1819

  • Worried about large crowds
  • Called local troops to stop it
• Short term significance of the Peterloo Massacre

  1819

  • Six Acts introduced
  • Banned meetings of more then 50 people
  • Seen as an act of treason
• Long term significance of the Peterloo Massacre

  1819

  • Paved the way to middle and working class people seeking change
• Reasons the Great Reform act was passed

  1832

  • Wanted shorter parliaments
  • End of property qualifications
  • Votes for all men who paid taxes
• Methods used by reformists to pass the Great Reform act

  1832

  • Tried three times to pass it
  • Earl Grey asked the king to create new Whig party
  • Tory lords scared to lose power so passed it
• Methods used by those against reform to stop the Great Reform act

  1832

  • House of Lords kept blocking the act
  • Didn‘t want to give more power to ordinary people
• Short term significance of the Great Reform act

  1832

  • Merchants and industrialists gained more representation
  • Rotten boroughs removed
  • Most working-class people couldn’t vote
  • No secret ballot
• Long term significance of the Anti Corn law league

  1846

  • British farmers and landowners did well after the repeal
  • People had more money to spend on barley and oats