history gcse

• USA 1920-1929


  • Boom
• USA 1920-1973

  • Boom
  • Bust
  • Boom
• Causes of Boom


  • First World War
  • Laissez-faire
  • Tariffs
  • Adverts
  • Hire Purchase
  • Assembly lines
  • Mass production
  • Buying/selling shares
• Henry Ford


  • Created Model T car, cheap and reliable
  • Paid and treated his workers well
• Entertainment


  • Talkies
  • Radio broadcasts
  • Cinema and sports stars
  • Jazz and Charleston dance
• Flappers


  Wealthy women in cities, but most women saw no real change
• Groups affected by inequality


  • Farmers
  • African Americans
  • Native Americans
  • Traditional industries
• Prohibition


  Banned sale of alcohol, rise of bootlegging, speakeasies and organised crime
• Immigration issues


  • Seen as threat to WASPS
  • Palmer raids
  • Red Scare
  • Sacco and Vanzetti court case
  • Quota system
• Racial tension


  Jim Crow laws, segregation, rise of KKK
• USA 1929-1945


  • Bust
• Wall Street Crash


  Shares sold, banks and businesses ruined, people lost money and became worse off
• The Great Depression


  Unemployment and poverty, Breadlines, Hobos, Hoovervilles
• Hoover versus Roosevelt


  Hoover promised continuity, Roosevelt brought change in 1932
• The New Deal


  • Relief, Recovery and Reform, new banking regulations and alphabet agencies
• Opposition to New Deal

  • Republicans
  • Supreme Court
  • Businessmen
  • Radicals
• Popular Culture in 1930s


  • "Wizard of Oz"
  • "Gone with the Wind"
  • Mickey Mouse
  • "How to Win Friends and Influence People"
• Impact of World War Two

  Saved US economy, women and Black Americans want change after the war after fighting for the US
• USA 1945-1973


  • Boom
• Popular Culture in 1950s


  • Rock and Roll
  • Teenage culture
• McCarthyism


  Second Red Scare, led by Senator McCarthy
• Civil Rights Movement


  • Direct action
  • Brown v Topeka
  • Montgomery
  • Little Rock
  • Sit-ins
  • Freedom Rides
  • Marches
• Black Power


  • Malcolm X
  • Civil Rights acts
• New Frontier and Great Society


  • Kennedy tries to help the poor of US with health care, wages and education
  • Johnson tries to help the poor of US with same problems, some success but very expensive and no real equality
• Feminism


  • Fight against sexism
  • Feminine Mystique book by Betty Friedan
  • Equal Pay Act
  • NOW
  • ERA
  • Roe v Wade court case
• Brixton riots (1981)


  • Caused by unemployment, poor housing and education, racism
• Scarman report


  • Advised racism in police, end of SUS laws, but racism continued with the death of Stephen Lawrence in 1993
• General and Miners' Strikes

  • 1926 General Strike caused by miners wanting more pay and better conditions, all unions then joined, lasted only 9 days and failed, Government crushed unions and union membership dropped
  • 1984 Miners' Strike led by Scargill, lasted almost a year, crushed by Thatcher
• New Model Unions and New Unionism


  • New Model unions are skilled, trained workers who paid subscriptions to support each other
  • New unions are the Match-girls and Dockers led by socialists, Basant and Tillett, win changes through strikes, they create the Labour political party in 1900
• Anti-Corn Law League (1846)


  • Corn Laws were stopped by Peel, this made bread cheaper again
• Christian Abolitionists (1833)


  • Slave Trade and then slavery abolished in 1807 and 1833
• Pilgrimage of Grace (1536)

  • Protest by Northern Catholics, led by Aske, against Henry VIII's reforms and T. Cromwell, crushed by the Duke of Norfolk, Henry's wealth and power increased
• Magna Carta (1215)


  • Caused by Scutage, defeats in France, argument with the Pope, Magna Carta was list of demands by Barons, e.g. Council of Barons, King John ignored Magna Carta led to 1 Barons' War
• Tolpuddle Martyrs (1834)


  • 6 farm workers swear secret oath for higher wages, arrested and transported to Australia, the workers back, Trade Union victory
• Lord Shaftesbury (1833 and 1842)


  • Christian MP, passed acts to help workers in factories and coal mines
• American Revolution (1775-1781)


  • Caused by Stamp Tax, No USA MPs in Britain, Violence in Boston and Lexington, Declaration of Independence, Washington leads US troops to victory, US has new constitution, GB turns to India for trade
• Simon De Montfort (1265)

  • Caused by high taxes, defeats in France, argument with the Pope, Provisions of Oxford was a list of demands by Barons, Henry III ignored the Provisions which led to 2 Barons' War, De Montfort wins at Lewes, he calls 'Commoners' to Parliament but is killed at Evesham
• Female Suffrage and rights (1867 onwards)


  • Women faced sexism and no vote, Suffragists (NUWSS) peaceful protest led by Fawcett, Suffragettes (WSPU) violent protest led by Pankhurst, e.g. Derby Day suicide and the Cat and Mouse act, women's actions/work in World War One not the female suffrage movement, won them the vote in 1918, Divorce, equal pay and sex discrimination acts helped fight sexism in the 1960s and 1970
• Chartism (1836-48)


  • 5 points to achieve universal suffrage, sent 3 petitions to Parliament demanding the 6 points, divided leadership (Moral Lovett and Physical O'Connor) led to failure at the time, 5 out of the 6 points achieved over time
• Great Reform Act (1832)


  • Only Upper class could vote, Reform Act passed, by Whigs gave the vote to cities and middle class, workers were furious as no vote