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Organisation
Animal tissues, organs and systems
Non communicable diseases and lifestyle
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Cards (13)
risk
factor
any attribute
, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the chance of contracting a certain disease/injury
lifestyle
the way in which someone chooses to
live
their
life
causal mechanism
something t hat explains how 1 factor influences another
i.e the link between
2
+ factors
correlation
a pattern in data, when 2 sets of data are strongly linked together
this doesn't always mean one has caused the other
a
correlation
is a link between 2 factors such as a non communicable disease and a
lifestyle
factor
risk factors that can contribute
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE:
genetics, high cholesterol, obesity
CANCER
:
radiation exposure, smoking, obesity
LUNG DISEASE:
pollution exposure, other
carcinogens
DIABETES:
family history, lack of exercise, obesity, age 45+
Nicotine
produces sense of calm, well being and a feeling of being able to cope
Carbon monoxide
poisonous gas found in
tobacco
smoke- takes up some
oxygen
carrying capacity of the blood
Tar
sticky black chemical that accumulates in lungs, turns them
pink
>
grey
smokers are more likely to develop
bronchitis
tar build up in lung tissue can lead to a breakdown ion
alveoli
structure, causing
chronic
obstructive
pulmonary
disease
SMOKING IN PREGNANCY
woman needs to carry
oxygen
for her and
foetus
woman's blood has
CO
, the shortage in oxygen can make the foetus grow
improperly
can lead to
premature
births,
low
birthweight babies and stillborns
TOBACCO SMOKE AND THE TRACHEA
cilia can be
anaesthetised
by some
chemicals
in the smoke
they stop working, allow dirt and pathogens down to the lungs, risk of
infection
SMOKING
narrows blood vessels in skin,
aging
it|
nicotine makes hearts
race
other chemicals damage artery lining,
coronary
heart
disease
more likely
mix of chemicals in cigarette smoke increases
blood
pressure
combination of effects > increase in likelihood of cardiovascular disease, heart attacks and
strokes
ALCOHOL AND THE LIVER/BRAIN
cirrhosis
of liver can develop, disease that destroys liver tissue
active liver cells are replaced with scar tissue - can't carry out vital
functions
alcohol is a
carcinogen
> risk of liver cancer
long term alcohol can cause
brain
damage- it becomes soft and pulpy, normal brain structures are
lost
and won't function
ALCOHOL AND UNBORN BABIES
alcohol passed via
placenta
to baby > leads to stillborn, miscarriages
baby's developing
liver
can't cope with alcohol so brain/liver development of baby can be badly affected