Fire preventions and preparedness

• Natural causes of fire


  • Lightning
  • Earthquake
  • Volcanic Eruption
  • Sun's Heat
• Man-made causes of fire


  • Chemical Explosions
  • Vehicular accidents
  • Electrical Problems
• Causes of fire triggered by natural hazards


  • Earthquake
  • Volcanic Eruption
  • Drought
  • Very high temperature
• Fire triggered by natural hazards


  • gas pipelines triggered and erupted after an earthquake
  • Pyroclastic flow and lavas
  • Wildfires
• Causes of fire triggered by human-made conditions


  • Transportation accidents
  • Chemical explosion
  • Faulty electrical connections
• Fire triggered by human-made conditions


  • Cars burning because of overheating
  • Airplane crash
  • Overheating of electrical wiring
  • Short circuits
  • Explosion of cooking gas
• Causes of fire due to mismanagement


  • Negligence
  • Irresponsible handling of fire
• Fire due to mismanagement

  • Lighted candle left unattended near combustible materials
  • Lighted cigarette butts thrown on combustible materials
  • Explosion of firecrackers on combustible materials
  • Overheating of kitchen appliances
  • Too much fuel or oil used in cooking
• Fire Triangle


  The three components necessary to have fire: heat, fuel, oxygen
• Fire Tetrahedron


  The four elements of fire: oxygen, fuel, heat, and chemical chain reaction
• Conditions for fire to continue


  • All the available fuel or oxidant has been consumed
  • The fuel and/or oxygen is removed
  • The temperature is reduced by cooling
  • The number of excited molecules is reduced and reaction is broken
• Classes of Fire


  • Class A (ordinary, combustible materials)
  • Class B (flammable liquids and chemicals)
  • Class C (involving electricity)
  • Class D (involving metals)
  • Class F (involving cooking oils)
• Stages of Fire


  • Ignition
  • Growth
  • Fully developed
  • Decay (Burnout)
• Fire Prevention and Mitigation measures


  • Ensuring building design follows fire safety standards
  • Proper storage of flammable materials
  • Regular inspection of electrical, cooking, and AC equipment
  • Securing fire insurance
• Fire Preparedness measures


  • Having a fire contingency plan and warning system
  • Conducting fire education and drills
  • Having fire extinguishers
  • Following safety tips
• Fire Response measures


  • Controlling the fire immediately
  • Evacuating from the burning building
  • Conducting search and rescue
  • Providing first aid and medical service
  • Conducting relief operations
  • Following safety tips
• Recovery from Fire measures


  • Assessing damages and needs
  • Clearing debris
  • Retrieving documents and records
  • Providing financial assistance
• Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)


  A government agency under the Department of the Interior and Local Government that works to prevent and suppress fires, investigate causes, provide emergency services, and enforce fire-related laws
• Home Fire Prevention and Preparedness measures


  • Smoke detectors
  • Fire extinguishers
• Types of Fire Extinguishers

  • Water (for solid fires)
  • Foam (for solid and flammable liquid fires)
  • Powder (for all fires except cooking oils)
  • CO2 (for flammable liquid and electrical fires)
  • Wet Chemicals (for cooking oil and combustible solid fires)
• Classes of Fire


  • Class A
  • Class B
  • Class C
  • Class D
  • Class F
• Class A Fire

  Fires involving ordinary, combustible materials such as wood, paper, plastic, and fire crackers
• Class B Fire

  Fires involving flammable liquids and chemicals such as LPG
• Class C Fire


  Fires involving electricity
• Class D Fire


  Fires involving metals
• Class F Fire


  Fires involving cooking oils
• Stages of Fire

  1. Ignition Stage

  2. Growth

  3. Fully developed

  4. Decay (Burnout)
• Ignition Stage


  First stage where fuel and oxygen are exposed to heat, resulting in a sustained chemical reaction
• Growth


  The initial flame becomes another source of heat and additional fuel ignites
• Fully developed


  With presence of more heat coming from the fire itself, the fire spreads and consumes all available fuel
• Decay (Burnout)


  When the fire consumes all available fuel, the temperature decreases. Since the heat as an element of fire ceases, the fire gets less intense
• Fire Hazards Risk First Aid Reduction Measures


  • Fire Prevention and Mitigation
  • Fire Preparedness
  • Fire Response
  • Recovery from the Fire
• Fire Prevention and Mitigation


  1. Ensuring that the building design follows the standard rules regarding fire safety

  2. Proper storage of materials that are flammable, separating them from possible sources of heat

  3. Regular inspection of electrical wiring, cooking equipment, electrical appliances especially air conditioning units

  4. Securing fire insurance
• Fire Preparedness


  1. Having a fire contingency plan and a warning system

  2. Conducting fire education seminars and fire drills

  3. Having fire extinguishers

  4. Following safety tips at home, in schools, and in other buildings. Setting evacuation areas and protocols for evacuation
• Fire Response


  1. Controlling the fire immediately

  2. Evacuating from the burning building

  3. Conducting search and rescue operation

  4. Providing first aid and medical service

  5. Conducting relief operations

  6. Following the safety tips when there is fire
• Recovery from the Fire


  1. Assessing damages and needs

  2. Clearing debris

  3. Retrieving documents and records retrieval from other sources

  4. Providing financial assistance
• Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)


  Under the Department of the Interior and Local Government, envisions a" modem fire protection agency working towards a safe and progressive society." Its mission is to" prevent and suppress destructive fires, investigate its provide emergency causes, medical and rescue services, and enforce other fire-related laws with active involvement of the community."
• Home Fire Prevention and Preparedness

  • Smoke detectors
  • Fire extinguisher
• Smoke detectors


  1. Every home/buildings should be equipped with on every level, particularly outside the sleeping areas

  2. Ensure that your are tested monthly and batteries are replaced twice a year. Change their batteries when you change your clock's batteries

  3. Encourage children to help test the . Familiarize them with the sound of the alarm
• Fire extinguisher


  1. Keep all-purpose in your kitchen

  2. It is a good idea to keep a near the furnace, garage, and anywhere else a fire may start. These are affordable, life- saving equipment for the home

  3. If you must use an , make sure you have a clear way out in the event you can't put out the fire