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• The process of using symbols like letters of the alphabet, punctuation and spaces, to communicate thoughts and ideas in a readable form

  Writing
• General Steps in Writing


  1. Prewriting (Planning Stage)

  2. Writing Thesis Statement

  3. Revision (content/general)

  4. Editing (Grammar)
• Prewriting


  First stage of writing process, where you discover ideas before writing the first draft of your paper
• PREWRITING Stage


  • Knowing the kind of paper
  • Determine the writing situation
  • Recognize your readers
• PREWRITING Strategies


  • Brainstorming (Listing ideas)
  • Clustering or mapping (Elimination)
  • Freewriting (Free thoughts)
• Thesis Statement


  Reveals and summarizes the argument you intend to develop and defend
• Thesis Statement: Guidelines


  • General Subject
  • Specific Topic
  • Thesis Statement
• Thesis Statement: example


  • General subject: Sports
  • Specific topic: Being a part of high school basketball team is a good training ground for an athlete who wants to play for a college basketball team
  • Thesis statement: Facebook interactions are more meaningful than Facebook interactions because they are more personals
• Flaws in Writing Thesis Statement


  • Overly opinionated
  • Making Announcements
  • Stating only facts
• Revision


  Clarifying your writing subjects meaning
• Editing


  Known as proofreading, working on grammatical principles focuses on its finer details
• Patterns of Development


  The particular strategies writers use to develop ideas to express
• Causal Analysis


  Method to understand human experiences especially when dealing issues and problem
• Causal Analysis


  1. Problem

  2. Cause

  3. Solution

  4. Effect
• Proposal


  One way of addressing the problems as its provides a possible solution to the issue
• Narration


  The most basic pattern of development, describes how, when and where an event actually happened
• Narrative text


  Tells a story to entertain the reader, usually a fiction or a made up story
• Narrative text


  • Short story
  • Novel
  • Play
  • Fable
• Description


  The pattern of development which goes into details about a specific object, person, or location in order to firmly see its appearance
• Varieties of Description


  • Objective Description
  • Subjective Description
• Definition


  Putting an identity to something, defining to understand the meanings of a word or an expression
• Techniques in defining essay


  • Analysis-breaking down a concept into its constituent parts/focus on describing aspects
  • Collocation- immediate meaning/immediately associated
  • Etymology-History of word (Greek word Etymon-original form +logia-study of)
  • Negation-to define a word or concept by explaining what it is not
  • Synonyms-Slang/colloquial language
• Exemplification


  The process of enumerating and giving examples
• Division and Classification


  Find the out of place item
• Division and Classification


  • Autos: Classical, Economic, Sport
  • Transport: Land, Train, Air, Water
  • Rivers: Dangerous, Short, Wide
  • Drugs: Uppers, Illegal, Downers
  • College: Private, Famous, Public
  • Courses: Year-long, Half term, Math
• Classification


  Breaks down the general subject into categories or group
• Division


  Breaks down a concept into its constituents parts
• Division/Classification


  Analyze the sentence and break it down into its constituents
• Division/Classification


  • My sister buys a book
• Analyze


  To examine something thoroughly in order to determine the constituent factors
• Analysis


  The process of analyzing something
• Comparison and Contrast


  Dealing with the similarities or likeness (Comparison), tackling the differences between and among topic (Contrast)
• Techniques to showcase CC


  • Simile-direct comparison "like" and "as"
  • Metaphor-Indirect comparison
• Persuasion


  Make use of Pathos, or appealing to the audience's emotion
• Argumentation


  Make use of Logos, or appealing to the audience logic
• Ethos


  Appeals to the authors/speaker credibility
• Plagiarism


  Copying someone's work and claiming the copy as your own without due citation
• Common types of Plagiarism


  • Direct Plagiarism-A majority of the words and structure is copied without using any quotation
  • Self Plagiarism-Combination of the words you used in your previous work
• APA Citation


  American Association of Psychologist- citation guide to acknowledge resource material in your paper
• Resume


  Contains brief account of a person's education, skills, work experience and other qualifications