Photosynthesis + Cellular respiration

• The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
• Photosystem II is the site where water molecules are split to release oxygen.
• Light energy is absorbed by pigments, primarily chlorophyll, which are located on the thylakoids.
• NADPH is produced as an electron carrier during photosynthesis.
• Proton gradient created by photosystem II pumps H+ into intermembrane space.
• NADPH is produced during photosynthesis, which can be converted back into NADP+ by oxidizing it with electrons from other sources.
• What happens to CO2 when it’s dissolved into water?

  It turns into carbonic acid
• Where is ATP made in bulk?


  Electron transport chain
• What molecules does the electron transport chain use?


  NADH and FADH2
• Where does the calvin cycle take place?

  Stroma
• What is the chemical equation that summarizes aerobic cellular respiration?

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
• What is the name for the folds of the internal membrane in the mitochondria?

  cristea
• What’s the goal of cellular respiration?

  To make ATP! (cellular energy) using digested carbohydrates (glucose)
• What is the name of the fluid inside the mitochondria?

  Matrix
• What is the first step of cellular respiration and where does it occur

  Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm
• What are the products of glycolysis?

  2 pyruvates, 2NADH, 2 ATP
• What happens to 2 molecules of pyruvate before for going through the Krebs cycle? And what’s the waste product?


  Pyruvate oxidation where it is converted to acetyl-CoA. With 2NADH and 2CO2 being waste products
• What are the useful products from the Krebs cycle?

  2 ATP, 2FADH2, 6 NADH
• What is the last step of cellular respiration and where does it occur?

  Electron transport chain. In the cristea
• What type of anaerobic respiration happens in humans?

  Lactic acid fermentation
• What’s the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

  Anaerobic uses no oxygen, aerobic needs oxygen
• What does the electron transport chain use?

  NADH and FADH2
• What’s the waste product of kerbs cycle?

  4CO2
• A molecule that contains the energy necessary for the life of the cell.Considered the energy currency of the cell

  ATP
• During photosynthesis: the excitation of electrons by light and the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen

  Light dependant reactions
• A series of reactions forming simple sugars from carbon dioxide using RuBP and NADPH.

  Calvin cycle
• A molecule formed during pyruvate oxidation stage of cellular respiration.

  Acetyl-CoA
• A green pigment that absorbs light in chloroplasts.

  Chlorophyll
• Photosynthesis


  The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose
• Carbon fixation


  CO2 molecule joined to RuBP by enzyme Rubisco
• Reduction (step 2 of calvin cycle)

  ATP and NADPH are used to produce G3P
• Regeneration (step 3 of calvin cycl)

  ATP used to regenerate RuBP
• Where does CO2 enter a plant cell?

  Stomata
• A 3-carbon sugar molecule

  G3P
• who many carbon sugars does glucose have

  6-carbon sugar
• Who can use light energ?

  Phototrophs = Plants, algae + photosynthesis bacteria (like cyanobacteria)
• How do plants and algae absorb sunlight?

  chloroplasts
• How do prokaryotes absorb sunlight?


  cytoplasm
• overall balanced equation 


  Water + Carbon -> Glucose + Oxygen

  H2O+CO2->C6H12O6+6O2
• what are carotenoid?


  Accessory pigments like bata-carotene and xantophylls