philosophy quiz

• Freedom • It is identified with the aspects of intellectual, political, spiritual and economic. To be free is a part of humanity’s authenticity. Understanding freedom is part of transcendence. It consists of going beyond situations such as physical or economic.
• For Aristotle, a human being is rational. Reason is a divine characteristic. Humans have the spark of the divine. If there were no intellect, there would be no will.
• St. Thomas of Aquinas: Love is Freedom Of all creatures of God, human beings have the unique power to change themselves and the things around them for the better. St. Thomas Aquinas considers the human being as a moral agent, being both a spiritual and body elements; the spiritual and material
• A human being, therefore, has a supernatural, transcendental destiny, rising above his ordinary self to a highest self. ST. Thomas Aquinas: Love is Freedom
• D. Jean Paul Sartre: Individual Freedom The human person is the desire to be God
• The human person builds the road to the destiny of his/her choosing; he/she is the creator (Srathern 1998). D. Paul Sartre
• E. Thomas Hobbes- Theory of Social Contract
• Freedom involves choice. It is man’s capacity to do otherwise. As Sartre said, it is through choice that man lives an authentic human life.
• “To act in bad faith is to allow others to choose for you or for chance to take its lead.” Chance and choosing are not incommensurable
• Robert Nozick – renowned American philosopher explains in his 1981 book, Philosophical Explanations that making a choice seems to feel like there are various reasons for and against doing each of the alternative actions
• Nozick introduced the concept of weighing the reasons. He explained that when you are choosing, the act involves not only weighing the reasons but giving weight to reasons.
• The instrumental value is the function and measure of the intrinsic value that it leads to
• The originative value introduces new values to the world. It may be newly intrinsic values or newly instrumental values.
• The contributory value focuses on the value contribution that a human action effects. Most human beings want their actions to have contributory values.