Global Media

• Digital


  Relating to, using, or storing data or information in the form of digital signals; involving or relating to the use of computer technology
• Communication


  The importing or exchange of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium; the successful conveying or sharing of ideas and feelings
• Electronic


  Having or operating with components such as microchips and transistors that control and direct electric currents
• Media


  The main means of mass communication (broadcasting, publishing, and the internet) regarded collectively
• Global media cultures


  The way in which media content is created, distributed, and consumed across the world
• Press


  Newspapers or journalists viewed collectively
• Global media


  Corporations or entities globally engaged in media production and/or distribution
• Global village


  An international community formed by constant interaction between citizens of various country and bound by shared cultural experiences, transcending geographical distance and actual physical contact
• Imagined community


  A community formed by like-minded individuals bound by common interests, shared aspirations, collective identity and the like
• Digital divide


  A gap in technological skills between those who have ready access to computers and other digital devices, and the internet, and those who do not
• Broadcast media


  Media channels which transmit information basically through radio or television and recently, internet through social networking sites and other search engines and web explorers
• Print media


  Means of mass communication in the form of printed publications, such as newspapers and magazines
• Performing arts media


  Media channels that convey a message/s through creative activity that are performed in front of an audience, such as music, dance and drama
• Script


  Handwriting as distinct from print, written characters, writing using a particular alphabet; an automated series of instructions carried out in a specific order
• The term "global village" was popularized by Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s and refers to the idea that advancements in communication and transportation technologies have made the world more interconnected, resulting in a sense of a smaller, more tightly-knit community
• Globalization as metaphors


  • Globalization as our era
  • Globalization as an unstoppable force
  • Globalization as a rising tide
  • Globalization as benefactor
  • Globalization as networked world
  • Globalization as empire
• According to Arjun Appadurai, globalization began in the late 1900's because of the advances in media, such as television, computers and cellphones, combined with changes in migration patterns (people moving around the world)
• According to Robert Marks, globalization started in 1571 in Manila because Spain's colonization of the Philippines in that year was the final link in a truly global trade route
• Some say globalization began since the beginning of humanity
• The author states "There are no right answers that exists as to when globalization began"
• Roles of media in globalization


  • Bridging cultural divides
  • Sharing information
  • Spreading popular culture
  • Encouraging consumerism
• America plays a prominent role in the global scene in media industries and has established a decisive and fundamental leadership in the cultural sphere
• Global media has immense power in terms of how it covers events outside the developed world
• Global news agencies and major broadcasting organizations are responsible for the selection and packaging of news from the third world
• Third World issues sustains the unequal relations of power that exist between the West and the Third World
• A handful of firms dominate the globalized part of media system, including AOL, Time Warner (U.S), Disney (U.S), Vivendi-Universal (French), Bertelsmann(German), Viacom (U.S), and Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation (Australian)
• Major forces leading to cultural globalization are economic and organizational
• Cultural globalization requires an organizational infrastructure
• One form of globalization occurs as a result of the activities in advanced countries of news and entertainment media that produce films, television programs, and popular, popular music and distribute them to countries all over the world
• Dominance of a particular country in the global media marketplace is more a function of economic than cultural factors
• A small number of media conglomerates, based in a few Western countries, dominate the production and global distribution of film, television, popular music, and book publishing
• The cultural imperialism theory argues that the global economic system is dominated by a core of advance countries while third world countries remain at the periphery of the system with little control over their economic and political development
• Multinational or Trans-national Corporations are key actors in this system, producing goods, controlling markets, and disseminating products using similar techniques
• Imperialism with the concept of "globalization" suggests "interconnection and interdependency of all global areas" happening "in a far less purposeful way"
• Cultural Imperialism re-conceptualized as media imperialism despites its weakness it remains a useful perspective because it can be used to analyze the extent to which some national actors have more impact than others on global culture and therefore are shaping and reshaping cultural values, identities, and perceptions
• In the cultural globalization model, globalization corresponds to a network, which no clearly defined center or periphery. Globalization as an aggregation of cultural flows or networks is a less coherent and unitary process than cultural imperialism and one in which cultural influences move in many different directions
• The Americanization process becomes far more formidable when the fundamental concepts of a society's national identity are remodeled in the American image
• Cultural imperialism

  A kind of cultural domination by powerful nations over weaker nations
• Cultural imperialism is viewed as purposeful and intentional because it corresponds to the political interests of the United States and other powerful capitalist societies
• The effects of cultural imperialism, reflecting the attitudes and values of western, particularly American capitalist societies, are viewed as extremely pervasive and as leading to the homogenization of global culture