Q4l2

• Report


  Any information work made with an intention to relay information or recounting certain events in a presentable manner
• Report


  • Conveyed in writing, speech, television, or film
  • Written in a sequential manner in order of occurrence
  • Formally structured in sections
• Types of report writing

  • Technical and business
  • Field reports
• Technical and business reports


  • Engineering, Information Technology, Commerce, Accounting and Finance, will set report writing assignments that stimulate the process of report writing in industry
  • Assignments are set in the form of a problem or a case study
• Field reports


  • Common in disciplines such as Law, Industrial Relations, Psychology, Nursing, History and Education
  • Require students to analyze his or her observations of phenomena or events in the real world in light of theories studied in the course
  • The content represents the researcher's interpretation of meaning found in data that has been gathered during one or more observational events
• Techniques to record observations

  • Note taking
  • Photography
  • Video and audio recordings
  • Illustrations
• Note taking


  • The most common and easiest method of recording observations
  • Organizing some shorthand symbols beforehand so that recording basic or repeated actions does not impede your ability to observe
• Photography


  With the advent of smart phones, an almost unlimited number of high-quality photographs can be taken of the objects, events, and people observed during a field study
• Video and audio recordings

  • Gives an unfiltered record of the observation event
  • Facilitates repeated analysis of your observations
• Illustrations


  Refers to the possible need, for example, to draw a map of the observation setting or illustrating objects in relation to people's behavior
• Scientific report


  • Common in all the Sciences and Social Sciences
  • Uses a standard scientific report format describing methods, results and conclusions to report upon an empirical investigation
• Parts of a research report

  • Introductory phase
  • Review of related literature
  • Research methodology
  • Writing your data
  • Writing the conclusion
  • Writing the recommendation
• Introductory phase

  • Gives the background of the topic and the reasons for undertaking the topic of study
  • Gives readers an over-all pictures of a status quo, the need to address certain issues
• Research title

  • Has to get the attention of the readers
  • Must be "catchy"
  • Properly informs them about the main focus of your research
• Research abstract

  • Provides the readers with a snap view of what they can expect from the report
  • Gives a synopsis of the objectives and results of the report to be described in detailed from in the body of the report
• What a research abstract should contain

  • Research problem
  • Significance and value of the problem
  • Data and methods utilized
  • Main findings
  • Implication in the light of the other research
• List of contents

  Guides the readers to find their way through the different parts of the report
• Introduction


  • Acquaints the readers with the what, why, how of the report
  • Answers questions like: What is the research all about?

  Why have you chosen this topic?

  Why are you interested in this topic?

  How will you undertake the research?

  What kind of research approach will you utilize?

  What are your research questions or problems?
• Review of related literature

  • Provides study background and environment
  • Locates the study in its area of discipline and reveals its relevance and significance in the environment
• Research methodology

  Readers would be interested to know the research topic, case(s) studied, research methods chosen, and how the data was analyzed
• Writing your data

  No right or wrong way, just need to be comfortable with developing categories and making comparisons and contrasts, and be open to possibilities and see contrary or alternative explanations for the findings
• Writing the conclusion

  Conclusions are inferences, deductions, abstraction, implications, interpretations, general statements, and/or generalizations based on findings
• Writing the recommendation

  • The research recommendation is a part of the paper where you make suggestions about some resolutions as a response to the research problem
  • Must be consistent with the conclusion
  • Proposes specific solutions connected with the findings and must be supported by relevant data and specific data from the findings