SCIENCE Lesson 1

• Food provides necessary energy and materials essential

  to maintain life.
• Plants undergo photosynthesis that converts water and

  carbon dioxide with the help of sunlight to energy in the

  form of sugar and it’s bi-product oxygen.
• Potential chemical energy is the energy stored in food.
• Calorie (C) is the amount of energy needed to raise the

  temperature of 1g of water by 10C.
• Kilocalorie (kcal = 1000 calories) refers to the amount of

  energy found in food.
• Metabolism refers to the process by which the body

  changes food and drink into usable energy.
• Basal metabolism or Resting metabolic rate is the

  amount of calories your body burn as your body performs

  basic life-sustaining function.
• NUTRIENTS - are molecules in food that nourishes the body by providing energy and materials essential for growth and

  development.
• nutrients are categorized as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins,

  minerals and fiber.
• Carbohydrates - main source of energy, Source: rice, bread, and cereals.
• FIBERS - A type of carbohydrate which refers to indigestible fibrous material found in vegetables and fruits, constipation
• Proteins (amino acids) - building blocks of proteins, essential in formation of new protoplasm for growth and repair of worn-out body cells, Sources: meat, fish, egg, milk, seeds, and nuts
• Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition which is a deficiency in

  protein.
• FATS - Provides twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrates, Sources: butter, cheese, fatty meat, nuts, and fish liver.
• VITAMINS - Complex organic molecules needed in small amount
• Only vitamin D can be synthesized in the skin under direct sunlight.
• Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the fats of the body. (vit A, D, E, and K)
• Calcium is required in building bones and teeth, normal muscle functions, and blood clotting.
• Sodium helps control blood pressure, blood volume, and fluid balance.
• Iron aids in making hemoglobin – a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
• Protoplasm of the cells are made up mainly of water.
• Balanced Diet - to supply the body with energy and

  materials for its activities.
• Four major food groups: a. Cereal grain group b. vegetables and fruits group c. meat and alternative group. d. fat, oils, and sweets group.