Tinctures

• Extractives

  • products prepared by extraction of drug with suitable solvent
• Processes:

  • percolation
  • maceration
  • digestion
  • infusion
  • decoction
• Percolation

  • slow passage of suitable solvent through a column of drug
• Maceration

  • submerging the solute in suitable menstruum
• Digestion

  • with the aid of gentle heat
• Infusion

  • addition of hot water, blanching
• Decoction

  • boiling for 15 minutes
• Types of Extractives:

  • Oleoresins
  • Extracts
  • Fluidextracts/ Liquid extracts
  • Tinctures
• Oleoresins

  • liquid preparations containing volatile oils and resins, obtained by extraction of drugs with ether, acetone or alcohol
• Extracts

  • concentrated preparations of vegetable or animal drugs obtained with suitable menstrua, evaporating all or nearly all solvent
  • 2 to 6 times more potent than crude drugs
  • Forms
  • Semiliquids
  • Plastic masses/Pilular extract/Solid extract
  • Dry powders
• Semiliquids

  • syrupy consistency, 20 ml of the solvent is left
• Plastic Masses/ Pilular Extract/ Solid Extract

  • all solvent has been evaporated
• Dry Powders

  • known as powdered extracts
  • used for starchy drugs (cassava, radish)
• Fluidextracts/ Liquid extracts

  • preparations of plant matter, containing alcohol as a solvent or as a preservative, or both, and are so made that each ml contains the extracted constituents of 1 g of the crude material
  • referred to as 100
• Fluidextracts/ Liquid extracts

  • preparations of plant matter, containing alcohol as a solvent or as a preservative, or both, and are so made that each ml contains the extracted constituents of 1 g of the crude material
  • referred to as 100% tincture
  • too potent for self-administration, bitter tasting
  • prepared by percolation according to the ff. processes:
  • Process A
  • Process B
  • Process E
• Process A

  • extract is ready for assay
• Process B

  • hot water is used as menstruum
• Process E

  • uses longer and narrower percolator
• Tinctures

  • alcoholic/hydroalcoholic solution prepared from vegetable or animal drug or from chemical substances
  • 10-20% potency (10-20g/100ml)
  • <,= 50% alcohol content
  • Methods of Preparation
  • Simple Solution = Iodine Tincture
  • Process P (Percolation) = Belladonna Tincture
  • Process M (Maceration) = Sweet Orange Peel Tincture
• Iodine Tincture: Category

  • Topical Tincture
• Iodine Tincture: Synonyms

  • Tincture of Iodine, Tinctura Iodi, Solutio Iodi, Spritucae Weak Solution of Iodine
• Iodine Tincture: Description of the Final Product

  • reddish brown color which produce stain on the skin
• Iodine Tincture: Uses

  • local anti-infective agent applied topically to the skin, germicide, fungicide, antiseptic
• Iodine Tincture: Label

  • Red
• Iodine Tincture: Container

  • 15 ml tight, light-resistant (amber) bottle
• Iodine Tincture: Method

  • Simple Solution Method