Last summative, science

• Biodiversity - It describes how varied living things

  are in a certain area - plants,

  animals, fungi, and microorganisms

  as well as the community they form

  and the habitat they are living in.
• Biodiversity is coined from the words

  “biological diversity
• A group of organisms makes a

  population with the basic unit

  known as species
• There are levels of biodiversity

  namely: Genetic diversity,

  Ecosystem diversity,and Species

  diversity.
• Genetic diversity pertains to the

  difference in the genetic

  composition of each organism e.g.

  Beagle, Shih Tzu, German

  Shepherd, Doberman are all the

  same species but they differ in the

  variety of their genes.
• Ecosystem diversity concerns the

  different kinds of places where

  organisms live and the interconnections

  that bind these organisms together e.g.

  lakes, rivers, ponds are all freshwater

  ecosystems. Estuary, salt marsh, coral

  reefs are all marine ecosystems.
• Species diversity deals with the

  different kinds of organisms e.g.

  dragonflies, sunflowers, dogs are all

  different species.
• Species diversity talks about the

  difference within species or difference

  between similar species
• Species diversity talks about the

  difference within species or difference

  between similar species.
• Low diversity places may be highly

  populated but may not be diverse.
• High diversity places consist of

  numerous kinds of species.
• Species richness is the

  simplest measurement

  of species diversity. It

  relates to the number

  of species inhabiting a

  given area or habitat.
• Species evenness

  measures how many

  individual organisms

  belong to each species. It

  refers to the similarity in

  numbers or equal

  abundance of species in

  a particular area.
• Species dominance refers

  to a dominant

  species distributed across

  a given area. The figure in

  community B shows that

  one species has the most

  number of individuals

  compared to other species.
• TAXONOMY:

  Discipline of classifying organisms

  and assigning each organism a

  universally accepted name.
• TAXONOMY - In other words, naming things
• 2000 years ago, Aristotle (384

  BC-322 BC) was the first taxonomist
• He subdivided them by their

  habitat ---land, sea, or air dwellers
• Aristotle divided organisms into

  plants & animals
• He subdivided them by their

  habitat ---land, sea, or air dwellers
• Early scientists used common

  names to identify organism.
• Carolus Linnaeus - Classified organisms by their structure
• Carolus Linnaeus - Created the system of naming we use today
• His classification system includes 7 levels. (carolus linnaeus)
• In taxonomy, a group or level of organization is

  called a taxonomic category or taxon
• To avoid confusion, Carolus Linneaeus devised a

  naming system based on physical characteristics

  (structures)
• In taxonomy, a group or level of organization is

  called a taxonomic category or taxon.
• Bi” means 2
• “nomial” means naming
• Nomenclature means “the system of naming”
• In binomial nomenclature, each species

  is assigned a two-part scientific name
• Genus: is a group of closely related species
• Species: Group of similar organisms that can breed

  and produce fertile offspring
• All life can be classified into three

  domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
• Who found out the three domains?, Carl Woese
• When did Carl Woese find 3 domains? 1977
• Archaea- Extremophiles) Methenogens, Halophiles, Thermoacidophiles
• Bacteria- Cyanobacteria and eubacteria, beneficial and pathogenic
• Eukarya (eukaryotes) Protista, Fungi, PLants and Animals.
• Ecological Niches

  ⚫The function a species serves in its

  ecosystem, including what it

  eats, what eats it, and how it

  behaves.

  ⚫No two species occupy identical

  niches.