Hydrogen, Metals and Acids

• Oxidation is the reaction of other elements with oxygen
• The Reactivity series is a list of metals in order of reactivity
• Displacement is where a more reactive metal will displace a less

  reactive metal from its compound
• Endothermic Reactions take in heat from the surroundings and therefore there is a temperature decrease.
• Exothermic Reactions give out thermal energy to the

  surroundings, therefore there is a temperature increase.
• Displacement Reaction:Magnesium + Copper Sulfate → Magnesium Sulfate + Copper
• if oxygen is present in a test tube, a glowing splint relights when held inside
• if hydrogen is present in a test tube, a lighted splint held near its mouth ignites with a squeaky pop
• 1. if carbon dioxide is present in a test tube, it will extinguish a lighted splint
• carbon dioxide turns limewater milky and/or cloudy
• to test for chlorine, use damp blue litmus paper. The blue colour will turn to red and then to white
• The 3 ways to make hydrogen are:

  1. metal +acid
  2. metal+water
  3. electrolysis of water
• acids have a pH of 0 to 6

  • 0 is the most acidic
• neutral solutions have a pH of 7
• alkali/base solution have a pH of 8 to 14

  • 14 pH is the most alkaline
• red litmus paper turns blue in alkali and stays red in acid or neutral solutons
• blue litmus paper turns red in acid and stays blue in alkali and neutral
• acid + metal carbonate = salt+water+carbon dioxide
• metal +water=salt+hydrogen
• metal+acid=salt + hydrogen
• acid +alkali= salt +water
• hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide =sodium chloride +water
• potassium + water= potassium hydroxide +hydrogen
• potassium + sulfuric acid = potassium sulfate + hydrogen
• nitric acid +sodium carbonate = sodium nitrate + carbon dioxide +water