Leadership
Cards (56)
- a point of polarization for group cooperation.
- > It is the process of persuasion and by example in which an individual induces a group to take action that is in accord with the leader’s purposes or the shared purposes of all.
- It is an employee of anorganization who is given authority, power and responsibility for planning, organizing, coordinating, directing the work of others and for establishing and evaluating standards.
- Focus on individuals
- Focus on systems
- Enables people to work more effectively together in a state of interdependence
- 3 Elements
- Characteristics contained in most persons who are leaders
- Energy, physical stamina
- Education, mobility
- Qualities of a Good Nurse Leader
- Judgement, decisiveness, knowledge, cognitive abilities and fluency of speech.
- Adaptability, alertness, creativity, cooperativeness, personal integrity, self-confidence, emotional balance, control, independence.
- Ability to enlist cooperation, popularity and prestige, sociability, interpersonal skills, social participation, tact/diplomacy
- Achievement drive, desire to excel, conscientiousness in pursuit of goals, persistence against obstacles/tenacity/ determine
- Chosen by the administration and given official or authority to act.
- Does not have official sanction, chosen by the group itself. They become leaders because of age, seniority, special competencies, an inviting personality or ability to communicate with others.
- Leadership Styles
- > Makes the decisions and expects subordinates to follow.> Productivity is usually high, but creativity, self motivation, and autonomy are reduced.
- Strong control is maintained over thework group> Others are motivated by coercion> Others are directed with commands.2. Communication flows downward3. Decision making does not involve others4. Emphasis is on difference in status5. Criticism is punitive.
- > Allows other to participate in the decision making.> Appropriate for groups who work together for extended periods, promotes autonomy and growth in individual.
- Less control is maintained 2. Economic and ego awards are used to motivate 3. Others are directed through suggestions and guidance 4. Communication flows up and down 5. Decision making involves others 6. Emphasis is on “we” rather than “I” and “You”. 7. Criticism is constructive
- Non directed leadership, defers the decisionsmaking to his or her followers.
- Is permissive , with little or no control2. Motivates by support when requested by the group or individuals.3. Use upward and downward communication between members of the group.4. Places emphasis on the group.5. Does not criticize.
- > Focused on the human needs of the employee, job centered is concerned with schedules and tasks.> Believes in delegating decision-making and in helping followers satisfy their needs by providing a supportive work environment
- Emphases interpersonal relationships and is sometimes associated with a participatory approach in which leaders seek to involve other people in the process such as subordinates, peers, superiors and other stakeholders(Saiyadain, 2003)
- Employees prefer security, direction and minimal responsibility and need coercion and threats to get job done.
- Employees enjoy their work, can show selfcontrol and discipline, are creative and intrinsically motivated by their work.
- Focus on collective decision-making, long-term employment, use of quality circles and holistic concern and mentoring.
- Leader has low concern for people and uses threats and fear-based methods to achieve performance. Communications are entirely downward and concerns are ignored.
- Characterized by upward flow of information and leader is making genuine efforts to listen carefully to ideas.
- Leader uses reward to encourage appropriate performance and listens more to concern of subordinates but almost all major decisions are made centrally.
- Leaders makes maximum use of participative methods, engaging people lower down the organization in making decisions. People are closer together and work together at all levels.
- Involves centralized decision-making, with the leader making decisions alone and using coercive power to command and control. Leads to hostility and aggression.
- Is participatory with authority delegated to others. The leader uses expert power and having close personal relationships. Leads to increased productivity and job satisfaction.
- Is passive and permissive and the leaders defers decision making. Leads to low productivity and employee frustration.
- Charisma – a fire that ignites followers’ energy and commitment, producing results above and beyond the call of duty.
- They have special ability to bring about innovation and change by recognizing followers’ needs and concern. They create significant change in both followers and of the organization.
- A model of leadership that describes the relationship between leadership styles and specific organizational situations. Uses different plans to be used in case an emergency arises.
- The leader facilitates task accomplishment by minimizing obstructions to the goals and by rewarding followers for completing their tasks. Low budget, burn-out of nurses, low productivity etc. are some obstacles.