science 1

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Cards (71)

  • All the continents used to fit together like a giant puzzle
  • Earth is the only planet that has liquid water on its surface
  • Earth's structure

    The way in which different parts are put together to make something
  • Earth's main layers

    • Crust
    • Mantle
    • Core
  • Crust

    • Solid outer part of Earth
    • Provides a stable platform for the continents allowing for the development of land-based ecosystems
  • Mantle

    • Hot semi-solid rock
    • Can flow over long periods of time resulting in mantle convection
  • Outer core

    • Liquid layer composed mainly of iron and nickel
    • Movement generates Earth's magnetic field
  • Inner core

    • Solid and composed of iron and nickel
    • Remains solid due to immense pressure despite high temperatures
  • The Earth's continents were once like pieces of a giant puzzle that fit together
  • The Earth's crust is not a motionless structure but rather consists of several large and small pieces or slabs called tectonic plates
  • Tectonic plates

    • Float on liquid mantle under the Earth's crust
    • Interact with each other causing various geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and mountain formation
  • Major tectonic plates

    • Pacific Plate
    • North American Plate
    • Eurasian plate
    • African plate
    • South American Plate
    • Antarctic plate
    • Indo Australian plate
  • Types of plate boundary interactions
    • Divergent boundaries (plates move apart creating new crust)
    • Convergent boundaries (plates push together or collide leading to mountain ranges)
    • Sliding boundaries (plates slide past each other horizontally causing earthquakes)
  • Heat from Earth's core

    Causes circular movement in the mantle called convection currents
  • Convection currents in the mantle
    Slowly move the plates that float on top of the mantle
  • Earthquake

    Shaking of the earth's crust
  • Plate tectonic movements cause earthquakes
  • Not all earthquakes that occur are felt by people
  • The movement of tectonic plates causes a volcanic earthquake
  • Before an Earthquake

    1. Make a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake
    2. Familiarize yourself with the safety exits and safe area of your school and house
    3. Fix heavy furniture, cabinets, and appliances to the walls or floor
    4. Keep flammable materials, breakable items, and toxic chemicals in a safe place
    5. Make sure you have an emergency kit at home
    6. Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity
  • During an Earthquake

    1. Keep calm
    2. If you are indoors, stay inside. If you are outside, stay in an open field area
    3. Duck, cover, and hold when you feel an earthquake and wait for the trembling to stop before going out
    4. Stay away from anything that may tend to fall, such as unfixed cabinets, glass windows, etc.
    5. Evacuate the building and go to an open area away from trees and electric posts
  • After an Earthquake

    1. Check yourself and others for injuries
    2. Turn on the radio. Wait for instructions from the authorized government agency
    3. Stay away from damaged buildings
    4. Move away from the seashore and go to a higher place. A tsunami might occur
    5. Be prepared for some aftershocks
  • What to do before a volcanic eruption
    1. Check for unusual volcanic activity through TV, newspaper, or radio
    2. Be aware of the evacuation plans and location of the center in your community
    3. Prepare hard hats and masks for ashes and falling debris
    4. Strengthen roofs and walls to withstand loading and projectile impacts
    5. Prepare all the necessary things to bring once an evacuation is needed
  • What to do during a volcanic eruption
    1. Seek cover in case ashes and rocks fall
    2. Wear protective clothing, headgear, and high-efficiency dust masks
    3. Avoid low-lying places
    4. Keep all doors closed when there is a heavy ash fall
  • What to do after a volcanic eruption

    1. Use masks while cleaning ashes and other debris
    2. Stay in the evacuation center until further instructions
    3. Be alert for advisories of possible re-evacuation to safer places
    4. Adults may check on the livability and safety of the areas affected before going back home
    5. Participate in community efforts such as cleaning, maintaining peace, and order within the evacuation center
  • Volcanic eruptions, to some extent, maybe predicted. Some signs like frequent tremors near the volcano with rumbling sounds, swelling of the ground, and increase in temperature of surface water, are used to predict a possible eruption.
  • When volcanic eruptions occur, we are all affected but we can reduce the risk brought about by volcanic eruptions.
  • Before the Eruption

    1. Get ready for emergency kits or GO BAG
    2. Prepare hard hats and masks for ashes and falling debris
    3. Prepare all the necessary things to bring once an evacuation is needed
    4. Strengthen roofs and walls to withstand loading and projectile impacts
    5. Be aware of the evacuation plans and location of the centers in your community
    6. Keep updated on the unusual volcanic activity through TV, newspaper, or radio
  • During the Eruption

    1. Avoid low-lying places
    2. Seek cover in case ash and rock falls
    3. Keep all doors closed when there is a heavy accumulation of ash
    4. Wear protective clothing, headgear, and high-efficiency dust masks
    5. Be alert for advisories for possible re-evacuation to safer evacuation sites
  • After the Eruption

    1. Use masks while cleaning ash and other debris
    2. Adults may check on the livability and safety of the areas affected before going back home
    3. Stay in the evacuation center until further instructions
    4. Participate in community efforts such as cleaning, maintaining peace, and order within the evacuation center
  • Adults may check on the livability and safety of the areas affected before going back home
  • Participate in community efforts such as cleaning, maintaining peace, and order within the evacuation center
  • Volcanic eruptions, to some extent, maybe predicted. Some signs like frequent tremors near the volcano with rumbling sounds, swelling of the ground, and increase in temperature of surface water, are used to predict a possible eruption
  • When volcanic eruptions occur, we are all affected but we can reduce the risk brought about by volcanic eruptions
  • Earthquake

    Sudden movement of the Earth's crust that causes masses of rocks to change position and release a large amount of energy
  • Layers of the Earth

    • Crust
    • Mantle
    • Core
  • Lithosphere

    Crust and solid upper part of the mantle
  • Asthenosphere

    Liquid part of the mantle and outer core
  • The lithosphere floats in the asthenosphere
  • Plate Tectonic Theory

    Earth's crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates that move relative to each other at a rate of 5 to 10 cm per year