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• Painting


  The process of applying paint, color, pigment, or other medium into any surface by the use of brushes and other implements like knife, sponge, cloth and airbrushes
• Painting (term)


  The end product of the painting process which is a two-dimensional product
• Painting


  • Can be naturalistic, representational or abstract in style
• Mediums of Painting


  • Oil Paint
  • Acrylic
  • Tempera
  • Alkyds
  • Watercolor
  • Gouache
  • Enamel
  • Latex
  • Encaustic
• Oil Paint


  Made from combining pigments to oil (examples: linseed, flax, hemp or nut), the properties of oil allow for a rich, bright finish even when dry
• Acrylic


  Water-soluble and offer brilliant and quick drying times, frequently used by artist because they are an alternative to the slower-drying medium of oil
• Tempera


  A mixture of ground pigments and an albuminous or colloidal vehicle (egg, gum or glue) used by Egyptian, Medieval and Renaissance painters, bold and adheres well to nearly any surface and is quite permanent once dry
• Alkyds


  Synthetic mixture of pigments and an alkyd base that is composed of a synthetic resin made of oil-modified polyesters (polybasic acids) and a polyhdric alcohol such as glycerin, prized for its quick drying time and for some artists, superior workability
• Watercolor


  Pigments are mixed with water and applied to fine white paper, paper is the most commonly used for ground
• Gouache


  Watercolor's cousin and is also water based, includes chalk to create a more opaque-consistency
• Enamel


  Most often oil-, latex- or water-based paints with varnish added to them, used for painting porcelains and cars, enamels are prized for their ultra-glossy appearance and finish
• Latex


  Preferred medium for painting building interiors and exteriors, this water-soluble medium is also good for such artistic applications as murals
• Encaustic


  Used most often in the Middle East and Northern Africa, encaustic is an ancient practice that combines pigment with a hot wax such as beeswax, encaustic artists apply the paint to a prepared surface or canvas, unlike other mediums, encaustic does not yellow over time and temperature changes and moisture do not significantly affect it
• Sculpture


  A branch of visual arts that operates in three dimensions, from the latin word sculpere which means to carve, various media maybe used such as clay, wax, stone, metal, fabric, glass, wood, plaster, rubber, and random "found" objects
• Two Main Types of Sculpture

  • Free standing or in the round
  • Relief
• Free standing or in the round sculpture


  Sculpture that are not attached to any other surface (except possibly at the base)
• Relief sculpture


  Sculpture that is at least partly attached to a background surface
• Four Sculpture Categories

  • Modeling
  • Casting
  • Carving
  • Assembling
• Modeling


  Artists use soft or malleable material up to to create form, it is an additive process
• Casting


  Involve modeling the sculpture then making a mold and casting it in a metal or other medium, sculpture that are cast are made from melted material that is poured into a mold and then hardened
• Carving


  Involves chipping or cutting away a shape where material is systematically removed from outside in, this is a subtractive process
• Assembling


  Sculptures gather and join different materials to create an assembled sculpture
• Post-and-lintel structures


  Consists of horizontal beam (lintels) across the open spaces between vertical supports (posts) traditionally of stone, nowadays, it is called post-and-beam structures, which series of vertical posts join horizontal members traditionally of wood
• Arch


  Can define large spaces because its stress transfer outward from the center (keystone) to its legs (piers, columns, door, window), many different styles of arch exist and the characteristics of different arches may be exploited for structural as well as for decorative functions
• Building Materials used in Architecture


  • Stone
  • Concrete
  • Wood
  • Steel
• Photography as an art, not photojournalism, pertains to the application of both technical and artistic skills which focus more on staged and/or manipulated images
• Photographs where time has been taken to get correct lighting, hours spent in choosing the right elements and composition guidelines to establish relationships that communicate the artist's message and solicit reaction to its viewers
• Focusing


  The subject is what is physically or literally emphasized in a photograph which conveys the meaning or over-all idea that can be derived from the visual relationship of elements in a photograph
• If your photos are not sharp, the rest does not matter
• Focusing


  • The subject should be the sharpest element in a photograph, except in MOTION BLUR PHOTOGRAPHY
• Motion Blur Photography


  • Example of Motion blur by panning left to right
• Photography


  Capturing light
• In photography, instead of oil, acrylic, or watercolor paint, they paint with light


  In order to create a work of art, the painter needs to be familiar with the tool, the same applies to a photographer which sees the light appropriate for the subject to communicate the intended meaning in the concept
• Uses of Light


  • Establishes TIME
  • Contributes to the OVERALL DESIGN
  • Creates MOOD, shadows add TEXTURE and SHAPE to subjects, objects and set
  • Directs and GUIDES the eyes of the viewers to specific areas of interest
• Intensity of Light


  Diffused or soft lighting and harsh or vivid lighting
• Direction of Light


  The angle to which the light is pointed toward the subject
• Top Lighting


  • May be used to simulate the direction of the natural light source, like the sun or indicate domination or even creating special effects such as alien abduction or the afterlife
  • Can also create suspense and mystery like a top light during a police investigation
• Side Lighting


  • Help sculpt the subject's features that can help emphasize the mood, emotions and/or condition of a subject
• Frontal Lighting


  • Creates a fairly flat looking image
• Backlighting


  • Can help separate the subject against its background to create an illusionary dimension